官网手册中的说明基本上是比较全的，这里主要记录下安装过程，以及编译选项
多看官方手册，少走弯路
官网安装说明：https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.0/d7/d9f/tutorial_linux_install.html
环境： Ubuntu 16.04 64bit ，openCV 3.4.0
一、安装opencv依赖包
GCC 4.4.x or later
CMake 2.8.7 or higher
Git
GTK+2.x or higher, including headers (libgtk2.0-dev)
pkg-config
Python 2.6 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later with developer packages (python-dev, python-numpy)
ffmpeg or libav development packages: libavcodec-dev, libavformat-dev, libswscale-dev
[optional] libtbb2 libtbb-dev
[optional] libdc1394 2.x
[optional] libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, libtiff-dev, libjasper-dev, libdc1394-22-dev
[optional] CUDA Toolkit 6.5 or higher
The packages can be installed using a terminal and the following commands or by using Synaptic Manager:
[compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential
[required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
[optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev
二、安装numpy（如果需要python使用）
这里用的使用python3，所以是pip3命令，如果用python2，直接改为pip命令即可
pip3 install numpy
三、下载opencv3.4.0
需要下载opencv和opencv_contrib（后者会在cmake配置的时候用到），这是因为opencv3以后SIFT和SURF之类的属性被移到了contrib中
下载地址：
https://opencv.org/releases.html
https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/tree/3.4.0
四、安装opencv3.4.0
1.配置选项
cd opencv-3.4.0/
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON
-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../../opencv_contrib-3.4.0/modules
-D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/python3
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
2.编译
make -j4
-j4表示四核运算，可根据电脑配置选择
如果出现错误，改为单核执行
make clean
make
3.安装
sudo make install
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/snowinglx/p/8338005.html