搭建存储服务器
什么是存储：
存储是根据不同的应用环境通过采取合理，安全，有效的方式将数据保存到某些介质上并能保证有效的访问
一方面它是数据临时或长期驻留的物理媒介
另一方面，它是保证数据完整安全存放的方式或行为
存储就是把这两方面结合起来，向客户提供一套数据存放解决方案
存储介质： 内存(临时存储) 磁盘(永久存储)
数据存储位置： 云存储 本地 共享存储 分布式存储
存储技术分类：
SCSI 小型计算机系统接口
DAS 直连式存储
NAS 网络技术存储
SAN 存储区域网络
FC 光纤通道
SCSI技术
Small Computer System Interface的简称
作为输入/输出接口
主要用于硬盘，光盘，磁带机等设备
DAS技术
Direct-Attached Storage的简称
将存储设备通过SCSI接口或光纤通道直接连接到计算机上
不能实现数据与其他主机的共享
占用服务器操作系统资源，如CPU，IO
数据量越大，性能越差
NAS技术
Network-Attached Storage的简称
一种专用数据存储服务器，以数据为中心，将存储设备与服务器彻底分离，集中管理数据，从而释放带宽，提取性能，降低总拥有成分，保护投资
用户通过TCP/IP协议访问数据
SAN技术
Storage Area Network的简称
— 通过光纤交换机，光纤路由器，光纤集线器等设备将磁盘阵列，磁带等存储设备与相关服器连接起来，形成高速专用网络
组成部分
— 如路由器，光纤交换机
— 接口：如SCSI，FC
— 通用协议：如IP，SCSI
FC技术
Fibre Channel
— 一种合适千兆数据传输的，成熟而安全解决方案
— 与传统的SCSI相比，FC提供更高的数据传输速率，更远的传输速率，更远的传输距离，更多的设备连接支持以及更稳定的性能，更简易的安装
FC主要组件
— 光纤
— HBA (主机总线适配置器 )
— FC交换机
FC交换机交换拓扑
— 点到点：point-to-point
简单将两个设备互连
— 已裁定的环路：arbitrated loop
可多达126个设备共享一段信或环路
— 交换式拓扑：switched fabric
所有设备通过光纤交换机互连
ISCI技术
Inetnet SCSI
IETF制定的标准，将SCSI数据块映射为以太网数据包
是一种基于IP Storage理论的新型存储技术
将存储行业广泛应用的SCSI接口技术与IP网络像结合
可以在IP网络上构建SAN
最初由Cisco和IBM开放
isci优势
— 基于IP协议技术的标准
— 允许网络在TCP/IP协议上传输SCSI命令
— 相对了传输效率，存储容量，兼容性，开放性，安全性等方面的问题
— 没有距离限制
客户端
— ISCSI Initiator : 软件实现，成本低，性能较低
— ISCSI HBA：硬件实现，性能好，成本较高
存储设备端
— ISCSI Target
配置iSCSI服务
在存储设备端 主机56 上添加 三块 3G 硬盘
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
...
vdb 252:16 0 3G 0 disk
vdc 252:32 0 3G 0 disk
vdd 252:48 0 3G 0 disk
在56 主机上使用SAN技术共享存储空间
(/dev/vdb /dev/vdc) 给前端应服务器 53 和 54
一 配置后端存储
装包
# yum list | grep -i scsi
iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64 6.2.0.873-14.el6 dvd
lsscsi.x86_64 0.23-3.el6 dvd
scsi-target-utils.x86_64 1.0.24-16.el6 dvd
# yum -y install scsi-target-utils
# rpm -q scsi-target-utils
scsi-target-utils-1.0.24-16.el6.x86_64
# rpm -qc scsi-target-utils
/etc/sysconfig/tgtd
/etc/tgt/targets.conf //主配置文件
# cp /etc/tgt/targets.conf /root/ //备份主配置文件
# chkconfig tgtd on
# chkconfig --list tgtd
tgtd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
修改配置文件
# vim /etc/tgt/targets.conf
.. ..
<target iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb> //iqn描述信息
backing-store /dev/vdb //定义存储设备/dev/vdb
write-cache off
#initiator-address 192.168.4.53 //限制只有此ip可以访问 这里注释是采取默认共享给所有人
vendor_id xuenqlve //生产厂家
product_id disk1 //型号
</target>
<target iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskc>
backing-store /dev/vdc
write-cache off
#initiator-address 192.168.4.54
vendor_id xuenqlve
product_id disk2
</target>
.. ..
启动服务
# service tgtd start
正在启动 SCSI target daemon： [确定]
# netstat -pantu | grep tgtd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3260 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2728/tgtd
tcp 0 0 :::3260 :::* LISTEN 2728/tgtd
查看共享信息
# tgt-admin --show //查看共享信息 命令行输出配置文件内容
Target 1: iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb
System information:
Driver: iscsi
State: ready
I_T nexus information:
LUN information:
LUN: 0
Type: controller
SCSI ID: IET 00010000
SCSI SN: beaf10
Size: 0 MB, Block size: 1
Online: Yes
Removable media: No
Prevent removal: No
Readonly: No
Backing store type: null
Backing store path: None
Backing store flags:
LUN: 1
Type: disk
SCSI ID: IET 00010001
SCSI SN: beaf11
Size: 3221 MB, Block size: 512
Online: Yes
Removable media: No
Prevent removal: No
Readonly: No
Backing store type: rdwr
Backing store path: /dev/vdb
Backing store flags:
Account information:
ACL information:
ALL
Target 2: iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskc
System information:
Driver: iscsi //设备
State: ready //状态
I_T nexus information:
LUN information:
LUN: 0
Type: controller
SCSI ID: IET 00020000
SCSI SN: beaf20
Size: 0 MB, Block size: 1
Online: Yes
Removable media: No
Prevent removal: No
Readonly: No
Backing store type: null
Backing store path: None
Backing store flags:
LUN: 1
Type: disk
SCSI ID: IET 00020001
SCSI SN: beaf21
Size: 3221 MB, Block size: 512
Online: Yes //当前是否可用
Removable media: No
Prevent removal: No
Readonly: No
Backing store type: rdwr
Backing store path: /dev/vdc //共享盘
Backing store flags:
Account information:
ACL information: //访问控制列表
ALL
二 配置前端
装包
# yum list | grep -i scsi
iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64 6.2.0.873-14.el6 dvd
lsscsi.x86_64 0.23-3.el6 dvd
scsi-target-utils.x86_64 1.0.24-16.el6 dvd =
# yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
# rpm -qc iscsi-initiator-utils
/etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf
/etc/logrotate.d/iscsiuiolog
# /etc/init.d/iscsi status //当前为启动
iscsi 已停
# chkconfig --list iscsid //默认开机自启
iscsid 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
发现设备
# iscsiadm --mode discoverydb --type sendtargets --portal 192.168.4.56 --discover
正在启动 iscsid： [确定]
192.168.4.56:3260,1 iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb
192.168.4.56:3260,1 iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskc
登录设备
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 --login
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb, portal: 192.168.4.56,3260] (multiple)
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb, portal: 192.168.4.56,3260] successful.
查看登录信息
# fdisk -l
...
Disk /dev/sda: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
100 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1014 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 6200 * 512 = 3174400 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda
登出设备
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 --logout
Logging out of session [sid: 1, target: iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb, portal: 192.168.4.56,3260]
Logout of [sid: 1, target: iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb, portal: 192.168.4.56,3260] successful.
//--mode 可以用 -m --type 可以换用 -t --login 可以换用 -l --logout 可以换用 -u
登录共享磁盘 顺序会影响设备在本机的命名名称
三. 配置UDV
1 获取硬件设备的参数信息
# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda
# ls /etc/udev/rules.d/ UDV程序目录 文件名命名规则 数字-描述信息.rules 数字越小 运行时优先级越高
# which udevadm
/sbin/udevadm
# udevadm --help
Usage: udevadm [--help] [--version] [--debug] COMMAND [COMMAND OPTIONS]
info query sysfs or the udev database
trigger request events from the kernel
settle wait for the event queue to finish
control control the udev daemon
monitor listen to kernel and udev events
test simulation run
//获取 加载设备 路径信息
# udevadm info --query=path --name=/dev/sda
/devices/platform/host3/session2/target3:0:0/3:0:0:1/block/sda
//获取路径信息对应的设备参数
# udevadm info --path=/devices/platform/host3/session2/target3:0:0/3:0:0:1/block/sda --attribute-walk
...
SUBSYSTEM=="block"
ATTR{size}=="6291456"
...
ATTRS{vendor}=="xuenqlve"
ATTRS{model}=="disk1 "
...
//登录另一个设备
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskc --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 --login
# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sdb
# udevadm info --query=path --name=/dev/sdb
/devices/platform/host4/session3/target4:0:0/4:0:0:1/block/sdb
# udevadm info --path=/devices/platform/host4/session3/target4:0:0/4:0:0:1/block/sdb --attribute-walk
...
SUBSYSTEM=="block"
ATTR{size}=="6291456"
...
ATTRS{vendor}=="xuenqlve"
ATTRS{model}=="disk2 "
...
2 编写存放硬件设备的参数的UDV程序的配置文件
# vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-iscsidisk.rules
SUBSYSTEM=="block", ATTR{size}=="6291456", ATTRS{vendor}=="xuenqlve", ATTRS{model}=="disk1 ", SYMLINK+="iscsi/sdb"
SUBSYSTEM=="block", ATTR{size}=="6291456", ATTRS{vendor}=="xuenqlve", ATTRS{model}=="disk2 ", SYMLINK+="iscsi/sdc"
// SYMLINK+="" 生成一个链接文件
3 启动UDV
# start_udev
正在启动 udev： [确定]
# ls /dev/iscsi/ -l
总用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 1月 13 06:13 sdb -> ../sda
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 1月 13 06:13 sdc -> ../sdb
4 查看命名信息
//测试 全部登出
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 --logout
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskc --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 --logout
# ls /dev/sd*
ls: 无法访问/dev/sd*: 没有那个文件或目录
//先登录 diskc
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskc --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 --login
# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda
# ls /dev/iscsi/ -l
总用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 1月 13 06:16 sdc -> ../sda
//再登录 diskb
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 --login
# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sdb
# ls /dev/iscsi/ -l
总用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 1月 13 06:17 sdb -> ../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 1月 13 06:16 sdc -> ../sda
四 . 使用共享存储磁盘存储数据
分区 — > 格式化 — > 挂载 —> 存储数据
分区
# fdisk /dev/iscsi/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x23b0ff1a.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1014, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1014, default 1014):
Using default value 1014
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/iscsi/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
100 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1014 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 6200 * 512 = 3174400 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x23b0ff1a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/iscsi/sdb1 1 1014 3143369 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化
# ls /dev/iscsi/
sdb sdc
# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
196608 inodes, 785842 blocks
39292 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368
24 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
# blkid /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1: UUID="342994ac-4bce-4b21-9755-3377a79bb453" TYPE="ext4"
# vim /etc/fstab
# tail -1 /etc/fstab
UUID=342994ac-4bce-4b21-9755-3377a79bb453 /var/www/html ext4 defaults 0 0
# mount -a
# mount | grep var
/dev/sda1 on /var/www/html type ext4 (rw)
# ls /var/www/html/
lost+found
# echo "Hello World" > /var/www/html/test.html
另一端测试
# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sdb
# ls /dev/iscsi/ -l
总用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 1月 13 06:17 sdb -> ../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 1月 13 06:16 sdc -> ../sda
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskc --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 -u
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 -u
# ls /dev/sd*
ls: 无法访问/dev/sd*: 没有那个文件或目录
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 -l
# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskc --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 -l
# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb
# ls /dev/iscsi/sd*
/dev/iscsi/sdb /dev/iscsi/sdc
# ls /dev/iscsi/sd* -l
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 1月 13 07:27 /dev/iscsi/sdb -> ../sda
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 1月 13 07:27 /dev/iscsi/sdc -> ../sdb
# blkid /dev/sda1 // 会发现uuid相同
/dev/sda1: UUID="342994ac-4bce-4b21-9755-3377a79bb453" TYPE="ext4"
# vim /etc/fstab
# tail -1 /etc/fstab
UUID=342994ac-4bce-4b21-9755-3377a79bb453 /var/www/html ext4 defaults 0 0
# mount -a
# mount | grep var
/dev/sda1 on /var/www/html type ext4 (rw)
# ls /var/www/html/
lost+found test.html
pc53 和 pc 54 配置keepalived 高可用集群
具体步骤可以参考： http://blog.51cto.com/13558754/2060950
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr show | grep 192.168.4
inet 192.168.4.53/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.4.251/32 scope global eth0
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr show | grep 192.168.4
inet 192.168.4.54/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
//客户端测试
# elinks --dump 192.168.4.251/test.html
Hello World
[[email protected] ~]# service keepalived stop
停止 keepalived： [确定]
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr show | grep 192.168.4
inet 192.168.4.53/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr show | grep 192.168.4
inet 192.168.4.54/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.4.251/32 scope global eth0
# elinks --dump 192.168.4.251/test.html
Hello World
[[email protected] ~]# echo "123" > /var/www/html/one.html
[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/www/html/
lost+found one.html test.html
[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/www/html/
lost+found test.html
[[email protected] ~]# umount /var/www/html/
[[email protected] ~]# mount -a
[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/www/html/
lost+found one.html test.html
所以说 不能同时挂载
应该给VIP设备挂载 从而达到实现数据实时同步
可以写一个监控脚本 监控当前机器是否获得VIP地址
当其刚刚获得 VIP时 进行挂载
iSCSI服务多路径
环境准备
存储服务器 有两个网络地址
eth0 192.168.4.56/24
eth1 192.168.2.56/24
应用服务器
pc 53
eth0 192.168.4.53/24
eth1 192.168.2.53/24
pc 54
eth0 192.168.4.54/24
eth1 192.168.2.54/24
配置后端存储
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/tgt/targets.conf
<target iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskd>
backing-store /dev/vdd
write-cache off
#initiator-address 192.168.4.54
#vendor_id xuenqlve
#product_id disk2
</target>
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/tgtd restart
[[email protected] ~]# tgt-admin --show
....
Target 3: iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskd
System information:
Driver: iscsi
State: ready
I_T nexus information:
LUN information:
LUN: 0
Type: controller
SCSI ID: IET 00030000
SCSI SN: beaf30
Size: 0 MB, Block size: 1
Online: Yes
Removable media: No
Prevent removal: No
Readonly: No
Backing store type: null
Backing store path: None
Backing store flags:
LUN: 1
Type: disk
SCSI ID: IET 00030001
SCSI SN: beaf31
Size: 3221 MB, Block size: 512
Online: Yes
Removable media: No
Prevent removal: No
Readonly: No
Backing store type: rdwr
Backing store path: /dev/vdd
Backing store flags:
Account information:
ACL information:
ALL
[[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm --mode discoverydb --type sendtargets --portal 192.168.4.56 --discover
192.168.4.56:3260,1 iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb
192.168.4.56:3260,1 iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskc
192.168.4.56:3260,1 iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskd
[[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm --mode discoverydb --type sendtargets --portal 192.168.2.56 --discover
192.168.2.56:3260,1 iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskb
192.168.2.56:3260,1 iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskc
192.168.2.56:3260,1 iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskd
[[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskd --portal 192.168.4.56:3260 -l
[[email protected] ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda
[[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2018-01.com.www:pc56.diskd --portal 192.168.2.56:3260 -l
[[email protected] ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sdb
// /dev/sda 和 /dev/sdb 时后端的同一个设备
[[email protected] ~]# which scsi_id
/sbin/scsi_id
[[email protected] ~]# scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/sda //获取WWID
1IET 00030001
[[email protected] ~]# scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/sdb
1IET 00030001
装包 安装提供多路径需要的软件包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install device-mapper-multipath
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -q device-mapper-multipath
device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-87.el6.x86_64
创建并修改配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# mpathconf --user_friendly_names n //生成配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# ls /etc/multipath.conf
/etc/multipath.conf
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/multipath.conf
25 defaults {
26 user_friendly_names no
27 getuid_callout "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"
38 # getuid_callout "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"
102 multipaths{
103 multipath{
104 wwid "1IET 00030001"
105 alias mpatha
106 }
107 }
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/multipathd start
正在启动守护进程multipathd： [确定]
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig multipathd on
[[email protected] ~]# ls /dev/mapper/mpatha
/dev/mapper/mpatha
格式化
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/mpatha
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
196608 inodes, 786432 blocks
39321 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368
24 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[roo[email protected] ~]# blkid /dev/mapper/mpatha
/dev/mapper/mpatha: UUID="cbdb1867-a537-4349-9c9d-f7ab08e917cb" TYPE="ext4"
查看多路径信息
[[email protected] ~]# multipath -ll //查看多路径信息
mpatha (1IET 00030001) dm-2 IET,VIRTUAL-DISK
size=3.0G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
|-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active
| `- 5:0:0:1 sda 8:0 active ready running
`-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=enabled
`- 6:0:0:1 sdb 8:16 active ready running
[[email protected] ~]# multipath -rr
[[email protected] ~]# multipath -ll
mpatha (1IET 00030001) dm-2 IET,VIRTUAL-DISK
size=3.0G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active
`- 5:0:0:1 sda 8:0 active ready running
NFS网络文件系统
主要软件包 nfs-utils rpcbind
配置NFS服务器 pc56
分区 格式化 挂载（开机挂载）
//分区
# fdisk /dev/vde
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1daab7a9.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-6241, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6241, default 6241):
Using default value 6241
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vde: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6241 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1daab7a9
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vde1 1 6241 3145432+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
//格式化分区
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vde1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
196608 inodes, 786358 blocks
39317 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368
24 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
//创建挂载文件
# mkdir /sharespace
//查看分区UUID
# blkid /dev/vde1
/dev/vde1: UUID="e3dad5d2-eae2-4290-ba5e-935e6eda59c7" TYPE="ext4"
//配置开机自动挂载
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[[email protected] ~]# tail -1 /etc/fstab
UUID=e3dad5d2-eae2-4290-ba5e-935e6eda59c7 /sharespace ext4 defaults 0 0
//挂载 分区
[[email protected] ~]# mount -a
//查看挂载情况
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
47G 1.4G 43G 4% /
tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 477M 36M 416M 8% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /mnt/2018-01-15
/dev/vde1 2.9G 4.5M 2.8G 1% /sharespace
[[email protected] ~]# mount | grep /dev/vde1
/dev/vde1 on /sharespace type ext4 (rw)
使用nfs 服务共享挂载目录：
装包 修改配置文件 启动服务
# yum -y install rpcbind
# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
正在启动 rpcbind： [确定]
# chkconfig rpcbind on
# yum -y install nfs-utils
# vim /etc/exports
# tail -1 /etc/exports
/sharespace *(rw)
# chmod o+w /sharespace/
# /etc/init.d/nfs start
启动 NFS 服务： [确定]
关掉 NFS 配额： [确定]
启动 NFS mountd： [确定]
启动 NFS 守护进程： [确定]
正在启动 RPC idmapd： [确定]
# chkconfig nfs on
# showmount -e localhost
Export list for localhost:
/sharespace *
Web服务器 访问查看共享信息 pc 51 / pc 52
# yum -y install nfs-uits
# showmount -e 192.168.4.56
Export list for 192.168.4.56:
/sharespace *
[[email protected] ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.4.56:/sharespace /var/www/html/
[[email protected] ~]# mount | tail -1
192.168.4.56:/sharespace on /var/www/html type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.4.56,clientaddr=192.168.4.51)
[[email protected] ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.4.56:/sharespace /var/www/html/
[[email protected] ~]# mount | tail -1
192.168.4.56:/sharespace on /var/www/html type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.4.56,clientaddr=192.168.4.52)
[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/www/html/
lost+found
[[email protected] ~]# echo "hello" > /var/www/html/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/www/html/
index.html lost+found
//会在pc52 端会生成同样的文件 实现了实时同步
[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/www/html/
index.html lost+found
//完成 pc51 和 pc52 上的开机自动挂载
# vim /etc/fstab
# tail -1 /etc/fstab
192.168.4.56:/sharespace /var/www/html/ nfs defaults 0 0
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/13558754/2061297