1、文件上传
a. Html Form表单提交
b. Ajax提交
原生XMLHttpRequest
XmlHttpReqeust() 类
xhr = XmlHttpReqeust()
xhr.send("k1=v1;k2=v2")
jQuery Ajax
$.ajax({}) 内部调用XmlHttpReqeust来发送的Ajax
$.ajax({
data: {‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘}
})
2、验证码 + session
- 点赞表
新闻ID 用户ID
1 1
- 评论表
新闻ID 用户ID 评论内容 评论事件 顶 踩
功能开发：
注册
登录
发布新闻
点赞
评论
作业：
1、评论
- 单级评论
- 多级评论
---- 必须交
2、预习Tornado
Torando + SQLAchemy
pip3 install tornado
官网实例：
瀑布流
组合搜索
验证码
pip3 install Pillow
urls.py
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
url(r‘^upload/‘, views.upload),
url(r‘^ajax/‘, views.ajax),
url(r‘^xhr_ajax/‘, views.xhr_ajax),
url(r‘^login/‘, views.login),
url(r‘^check_code/‘, views.check_code),
]
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
import os
import json
# Create your views here.
def upload(request):
if request.method == ‘POST‘:
ret = {‘status‘: False, ‘data‘: None, ‘error‘: None}
try:
user = request.POST.get(‘user‘)
# img = request.POST.get(‘img‘)
img = request.FILES.get(‘img‘)
print(type(img))
from django.core.files.uploadedfile import InMemoryUploadedFile
file_path = os.path.join(‘static‘, img.name)
f = open(file_path,‘wb‘)
for chunk in img.chunks():
f.write(chunk)
f.close()
ret[‘status‘] = True
ret[‘data‘] = file_path
except Exception as e:
ret[‘error‘] = str(e)
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
return render(request, ‘upload.html‘)
def ajax(request):
import time
crruent_time = time.time()
return render(request, ‘ajax.html‘,{‘crruent_time‘: crruent_time})
def xhr_ajax(request):
print(request.GET)
print(request.POST)
return HttpResponse(‘ok‘)
def check_code(request):
import io
from backend import check_code as CheckCode
stream = io.BytesIO()
# img图片对象,code在图像中写的内容
img, code = CheckCode.create_validate_code()
img.save(stream, "png")
request.session["CheckCode"] = code
return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue())
# 代码：生成一张图片，在图片中写文件
# request.session[‘CheckCode‘] = 图片上的内容
# 自动生成图片，并且将图片中的文字保存在session中
# 将图片内容返回给用户
def login(request):
if request.method == ‘POST‘:
input_code = request.POST.get(‘check_code‘)
print(input_code.upper(),request.session[‘CheckCode‘].upper())
return render(request, ‘login.html‘)
backend/check_code.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter
_letter_cases = "abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxy" # 小写字母，去除可能干扰的i，l，o，z
_upper_cases = _letter_cases.upper() # 大写字母
_numbers = ‘‘.join(map(str, range(3, 10))) # 数字
init_chars = ‘‘.join((_letter_cases, _upper_cases, _numbers))
def create_validate_code(size=(120, 30),
chars=init_chars,
img_type="GIF",
mode="RGB",
bg_color=(255, 255, 255),
fg_color=(0, 0, 255),
font_size=18,
font_type="Monaco.ttf",
length=4,
draw_lines=True,
n_line=(1, 2),
draw_points=True,
point_chance = 2):
‘‘‘
@todo: 生成验证码图片
@param size: 图片的大小，格式（宽，高），默认为(120, 30)
@param chars: 允许的字符集合，格式字符串
@param img_type: 图片保存的格式，默认为GIF，可选的为GIF，JPEG，TIFF，PNG
@param mode: 图片模式，默认为RGB
@param bg_color: 背景颜色，默认为白色
@param fg_color: 前景色，验证码字符颜色，默认为蓝色#0000FF
@param font_size: 验证码字体大小
@param font_type: 验证码字体，默认为 ae_AlArabiya.ttf
@param length: 验证码字符个数
@param draw_lines: 是否划干扰线
@param n_lines: 干扰线的条数范围，格式元组，默认为(1, 2)，只有draw_lines为True时有效
@param draw_points: 是否画干扰点
@param point_chance: 干扰点出现的概率，大小范围[0, 100]
@return: [0]: PIL Image实例
@return: [1]: 验证码图片中的字符串
‘‘‘
width, height = size # 宽， 高
img = Image.new(mode, size, bg_color) # 创建图形
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img) # 创建画笔
def get_chars():
‘‘‘生成给定长度的字符串，返回列表格式‘‘‘
return random.sample(chars, length)
def create_lines():
‘‘‘绘制干扰线‘‘‘
line_num = random.randint(*n_line) # 干扰线条数
for i in range(line_num):
# 起始点
begin = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
#结束点
end = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
draw.line([begin, end], fill=(0, 0, 0))
def create_points():
‘‘‘绘制干扰点‘‘‘
chance = min(100, max(0, int(point_chance))) # 大小限制在[0, 100]
for w in range(width):
for h in range(height):
tmp = random.randint(0, 100)
if tmp > 100 - chance:
draw.point((w, h), fill=(0, 0, 0))
def create_strs():
‘‘‘绘制验证码字符‘‘‘
c_chars = get_chars()
strs = ‘ %s ‘ % ‘ ‘.join(c_chars) # 每个字符前后以空格隔开
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_type, font_size)
font_width, font_height = font.getsize(strs)
draw.text(((width - font_width) / 3, (height - font_height) / 3),
strs, font=font, fill=fg_color)
return ‘‘.join(c_chars)
if draw_lines:
create_lines()
if draw_points:
create_points()
strs = create_strs()
# 图形扭曲参数
params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 100,
0,
0,
0,
1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 100,
float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,
0.001,
float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500
]
img = img.transform(size, Image.PERSPECTIVE, params) # 创建扭曲
img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) # 滤镜，边界加强（阈值更大）
return img, strs
template/login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/login/" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="username" />
<input type="text" name="pwd" />
<input type="text" name="check_code" />
<img src="/check_code/" onclick="ChangeCode(this);">
<input type="submit" />
</form>
<script>
function ChangeCode(ths){
ths.src = ths.src + ‘?‘;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Monaco.ttf
static/jquery-1.8.2.min.js
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/