1.安装cygwin
到cygwin官网https://www.cygwin.com/下载安装程序，setup-x86.exe，注意能下载这个安装程序， setup-x86_64.exe64位不支持ncl安装
2.双击运行 setup-x86.exe，从镜像网站中下载安装包至本地，不要在线安装，选择文件下载至local，并且手动点击，实现所有的程序包的下载。在选择镜像网站的时候，可以选择后缀为.jp的，也就是日本服务器，速度较快，全部下载之后大概有17G，可能需要一天时间下载
3.安装cygwin，双击 setup-x86.exe开始安装程序，选择从本地文件安装程序，在软件安装的时候，需要特别安装以下插件，以保证后续的ncl安装成功
- Category "Devel": install "autoconf", "binutils", "bison", "byacc", "flex", "gcc", "gcc4", "gcc4-fortran", "gcc-g++", "gdb", "make", "makedepend", "openssl-devel".
- Category "Editors": [optional] some popular editors that you might want for editing your files include "nedit", "emacs", and "vim".
- Category "Graphics": [optional] install "ghostscript" for viewing PostScript files, "ImageMagick" for "convert"
- Category "Libs": "expat", "libcurl4", "libexpat-devel", "libgfortran4", "libidn-devel", "libxml2", "libtirpc", "zlib"
- Category "Net": `install "libcurl-devel", "libcurl4", and "openssh".
- Category "Shells": install "bash", "sh-utils", "pdsh", and "tcsh".
- Category "X11": install all of the required packages that the "Installing Cygwin/X" section mentions (see #15 where it lists all the "X11" packages and whether they are required or optional).
4.下载ncl，选择ncl在cygwin环境下的安装包ncl_ncarg-6.5.0-CYGWIN_NT-10.0-WOW_i686.tar.gz，下载https://www.earthsystemgrid.org/dataset/ncl.650.dap/file.html
5.安装ncl
mkdir /usr/local
cd /usr/local
gunzip /cygwin/home/JohnDoe/ncl_ncarg-6.5.0.CYGWIN_NT-10.0-WOW_i686.tar.gz
tar -xvf /cygwin/home/JohnDoe/ncl_ncarg-6.5.0.CYGWIN_NT-10.0-WOW_i686.tar
6.设置环境变量，生效环境变量，大功告成！
Every user of NCL needs to set their environment before they can use NCL. You can do this by opening your "c:\cygwin\home\xxx\.bashrc" (or "c:\cygwin\home\xxx\.bash_profile" if ".bashrc" doesn‘t exist) file with a UNIX editor and adding the lines:
export NCARG_ROOT=/usr/local
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
csh/tcsh:
source ~/.cshrc
source ~/.tcshrc
bash/ksh:
. ~/.bashrc
. ~/.bash_profile
7.中间可能出现的问题
a.在cygwin中安装ncl之后，运行ncl毫无反应，没有报错也没有进入ncl
可能原因：很有可能是安装64位的cygwin，导致没有结果
Important note: Cygwin comes with two versions of the setup program. They are called setup-x86.exe and setup-x86_64.exe. Download the setup-x86.exe one, because the other one is for 64-bit Cygwin. NCL can‘t be installed under 64-bit Cygwin because there are many external packages that NCL depends on that aren‘t buildable under 64-bit Cygwin.
b.安装ncl之后，运行ncl，报错显示缺少一些.dll文件，例如 error while loading shared libraries: cygmpfr-4.dll:cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory等
原因：安装cygwin的时候选择默认安装插件，没有手动选择自己需要的，导致没有安装
解决方法：先检查cygwin的安装包是否包含上述插件，没有则下载完成安装包，重新安装，在安装的过程中不要需要默认形式，手动install，尤其注意选择步骤3中的几个插件，否则可能出错
参考网站：
http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Download/cygwin.shtml
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhanggl12138/p/9879136.html