1、轮询
轮询即Round Robin,根据Nginx配置文件中的顺序,依次把客户端的Web请求分发到不同的后端服务器。
配置的例子如下:
http{ upstream sampleapp { server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; } .... server{ listen 80; ... location / { proxy_pass http://sampleapp; } }
上面只有1个DNS入口被插入到upstream节,即sampleapp,同样也在后面的proxy_pass节重新提到。
2、最少连接
Web请求会被转发到连接数最少的服务器上。
配置的例子如下:
http{ upstream sampleapp { least_conn; server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; } .... server{ listen 80; ... location / { proxy_pass http://sampleapp; } }
上面的例子只是在upstream节添加了least_conn配置。其它的配置同轮询配置。
3、IP地址哈希
前述的两种负载均衡方案中,同一客户端连续的Web请求可能会被分发到不同的后端服务器进行处理,因此如果涉及到会话Session,那么会话会比较复杂。常见的是基于数据库的会话持久化。要克服上面的难题,可以使用基于IP地址哈希的负载均衡方案。这样的话,同一客户端连续的Web请求都会被分发到同一服务器进行处理。
配置的例子如下:
http{ upstream sampleapp { ip_hash; server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; } .... server{ listen 80; ... location / { proxy_pass http://sampleapp; } }
上面的例子只是在upstream节添加了ip_hash配置。其它的配置同轮询配置。
4、基于权重的负载均衡
基于权重的负载均衡即Weighted Load Balancing,这种方式下,我们可以配置Nginx把请求更多地分发到高配置的后端服务器上,把相对较少的请求分发到低配服务器。
配置的例子如下:
http{ upstream sampleapp { server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>> weight=2; server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; } .... server{ listen 80; ... location / { proxy_pass http://sampleapp; } }
上面的例子在服务器地址和端口后weight=2的配置,这意味着,每接收到3个请求,前2个请求会被分发到第一个服务器,第3个请求会分发到第二个服务器,其它的配置同轮询配置。
还要说明一点,基于权重的负载均衡和基于IP地址哈希的负载均衡可以组合在一起使用。
我的配置,基于最简单的轮训:
#user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘ # ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘ # ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; upstream testapp{ server 192.168.20.50:8001; server 192.168.20.50:8002; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://testapp; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache‘s document root # concurs with nginx‘s one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
说明:基于两台服务器8001和8002。这种方式真的是轮训,在服务器控制台输出轮流访问,并且不会访问出现故障的服务器。
参考:
http://www.jb51.net/article/60523.htm(以上大部分内容转自此篇文章)