小白的学习方式：通过确定一个小目标来想办法实现它，再通过笔记来加深印象。
面对标题中的小目标我陷入了思考。。。。嗯，首先实现利用xlrd库来取出想要的用例
首先用表格准备好用例，如图下：
先试下取number为1的一行用例试试：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 import xlrd 4 5 xlsurl = r"D:\RequestAPI.xlsx" # 表格文件路径 6 rqapi = xlrd.open_workbook(xlsurl) # 获得文件对象 7 sheet_name = rqapi.sheet_names()[0] # 获取表格第一个sheet名称 8 sheet1 = rqapi.sheet_by_name(sheet_name) # 获取表格第一个sheet对象 9 nrow = sheet1.nrows # 获取表格行总数 10 ncols = sheet1.ncols # 获取表格列总数 11 col_data = sheet1.col_values(0) # 获取表格第一列的数据 12 row_data = sheet1.row_values(1) # 获取表格第二行的数据 13 print "=======================================================================" 14 print row_data 15 print type(row_data)
执行结果如图：
可以看到，表格中number为1的一行数据已经打印出来了，并且是list类型的，这样通过遍历list可以将数据都当个取出来，不过我没这么做，因为表格中paramete是保存的请求参数，在requests库中，请求参数是dict格式的，所以不需要把每个参数都遍历出来（requests库的使用在笔记后面别急）。
搞定取单行数据，那接下来再取每一行的数据，并把每行中需要的列也取出来，上代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import xlrd
class ApiTest:
def xlsee(self, xlsFile):
rqapi = xlrd.open_workbook(xlsFile) # 获得文件对象
sheet_name = rqapi.sheet_names()[0] # 获取第一个sheet名称
sheet = rqapi.sheet_by_name(sheet_name) # 获取第一个sheet对象
return sheet
if __name__ == "__main__":
apitest = ApiTest()
xlsFile = r"D:\RequestAPI.xlsx" # 文件路径
sheet1 = apitest.xlsee(xlsFile)
nrow = sheet1.nrows # 获取行总数
ncols = sheet1.ncols # 获取列总数
col_data = sheet1.col_values(0) # 获取第一列的数据
for i in range(1, nrow): # 循环每行，并获取每行每列的值，第0行是标题，所以从第一行开始取
row_data = sheet1.row_values(i) # 获取第i行的数据
nums = int(row_data[0]) # 用例编号
rqtypes = str(row_data[2]) # 请求类型
rqurls = str(row_data[1]) # 请求地址
a = row_data[5:] # 请求参数，并且一次取出这一行所有的参数
parametes = dict(zip(a[0::2], a[1::2])) # 将list类型的参数转换为dict字典类型的
code = row_data[3] # 校验结果用的code状态码
coderesult = row_data[4] # 用于显示校验结果的参数pass或error
print "=================================================================================="
print "用例编号:", nums
print "请求类型", rqtypes
print "请求地址", rqurls
print "请求参数parametes：", parametes
print "校验结果用的code状态码", code
print "用于显示校验结果的参数", coderesult
对于上面代码，简单封装了一下，注意
a = row_data[5:] # 请求参数，并且一次取出这一行所有的参数 这个利用list[a:]来取值，可取第a位后面所有的数据，这就表明，我可在表格中设置N个参数，而不会限制于不同接口参数个数不一样的限制了上面代码运行结果如下：
从表格中读取用例的问题已经搞定了，接下来就是通过requests来执行这些用例，上代码：
class ApiTest:
# 请求主方法
def request(self, rqtype, rqurl, paramete, headers):
self.rqurl = rqurl # API地址
self.rqtype = rqtype # 请求类型get or post
self.paramete = paramete # 请求参数
self.headers = headers # 请求头
if rqtype == "get":
apirqhttp = requests.get(url=rqurl, params=paramete, headers=headers) # 发送请求
code = apirqhttp.status_code # 保存返回状态
pam = apirqhttp.text # 保存返回数据并将json转为dict
return code, pam
if rqtype == "post":
apirqhttp = requests.post(url=rqurl, data=paramete, headers=headers)
code = apirqhttp.status_code
pam = apirqhttp.text
return code, pam
else:
print "请求参数错误，请求类型只支持get+post，请求地址支持string，参数支持dict"
其中有个小插曲，就是接口中常见的身份验证问题，需要获取token值，将token值作为herders请求头来进行身份校验
于是再通过登录接口来获取这个token（注意：token值校验不同项目可能不一样，比如我们公司就在touken值前面加了个brarer ，所以需要再将token值拼接一下）值并参数化，上代码：
# 获取B2B分销商token值方法
def seltoken(self):
rqtypes = "post"
rqurls = "http://xxxxx.dddd.com//account/authorize"
parametes = {"username": "Wbfxs001", "password": "111111Qq", "grant_type": "password"}
headers = None
cod, pam = ApiTest().request(rqtypes, rqurls, parametes, headers) # 掉用request方法请求登录
pam = json.loads(pam) # 保存返回数据并将json转为dict
access_token = pam["access_token"] # 截取dic中access_token键的value
access_token = "bearer " + str(access_token) # 拼接access_token为最终需要的token值
return access_token
最后将xlrd+requests方法都封装好，上代码（上面代码都整合在这里了）：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2017-04-13 18:39
import requests, xlrd, xlrd, json
class ApiTest:
# 请求主方法
def request(self, rqtype, rqurl, paramete, headers):
self.rqurl = rqurl # API地址
self.rqtype = rqtype # 请求类型get or post
self.paramete = paramete # 请求参数
self.headers = headers # 请求头
if rqtype == "get":
apirqhttp = requests.get(url=rqurl, params=paramete, headers=headers) # 发送请求
code = apirqhttp.status_code # 保存返回状态
pam = apirqhttp.text # 保存返回数据并将json转为dict
return code, pam
if rqtype == "post":
apirqhttp = requests.post(url=rqurl, data=paramete, headers=headers)
code = apirqhttp.status_code
pam = apirqhttp.text
return code, pam
else:
print "请求参数错误，请求类型只支持get+post，请求地址支持string，参数支持dict"
# 获取B2B分销商token值方法
def seltoken(self):
rqtypes = "post"
rqurls = "http://xxxxx.dddd.com//account/authorize"
parametes = {"username": "Wbfxs001", "password": "111111Qq", "grant_type": "password"}
headers = None
cod, pam = ApiTest().request(rqtypes, rqurls, parametes, headers) # 掉用request方法请求登录
pam = json.loads(pam) # 保存返回数据并将json转为dict
access_token = pam["access_token"] # 截取dic中access_token键的value
access_token = "bearer " + str(access_token) # 拼接access_token为最终需要的token值
return access_token
def xlsee(self, xlsFile):
rqapi = xlrd.open_workbook(xlsFile) # 获得文件对象
sheet_name = rqapi.sheet_names()[0] # 获取第一个sheet名称
sheet = rqapi.sheet_by_name(sheet_name) # 获取第一个sheet对象
return sheet
if __name__ == "__main__":
apitest = ApiTest()
xlsFile = r"D:\RequestAPI.xlsx" # 文件路径
sheet1 = apitest.xlsee(xlsFile)
nrow = sheet1.nrows # 获取行总数
ncols = sheet1.ncols # 获取列总数
col_data = sheet1.col_values(0) # 获取第一列的数据
for i in range(1, nrow): # 循环每行，并获取每行每列的值
row_data = sheet1.row_values(i) # 获取第i行的数据
nums = int(row_data[0]) # 获取第i行的某个数据
rqtypes = str(row_data[2])
rqurls = str(row_data[1])
a = row_data[5:]
parametes = dict(zip(a[0::2], a[1::2]))
code = row_data[3]
coderesult = row_data[4]
access_token = apitest.seltoken() # 获取token
headers = {"Authorization": access_token}
codetest, pamtest = apitest.request(rqtypes, rqurls, parametes, headers)
print "用例编号：", nums, "code码：", codetest
print pamtest
附上执行效果图：
D:\Python27\python.exe D:/PycharmProjects/testuntitled0325/TestAPI/request_01.py
===================================================================================================
用例编号： 1 code码： 200
200
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"star_rated": 3,
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"district_id": 1771,
"address": "广东省深圳市南山区",
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}
]
}
===================================================================================================
用例编号： 2 code码： 200
200
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"min_price": 10.00,
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]
}
===================================================================================================
用例编号： 3 code码： 200
200
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"page_index": 1,
"page_size": 10,
"total_count": 12,
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用例编号： 4 code码： 200
200
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Process finished with exit code 0
至此，以上是本次学习后的一点点成果。此次学习似乎已经看到了一个简单自动化接口测试框架的影子，后面再不断通过学习去完善它。。
由于也是刚开始学习python，对其理解也比较浅。身为一名测试工程师，有着一颗摆脱手工测试，进阶到自动化测试的心，后面的路还很长。。。。
同时，感谢学习期间“大师兄”和“饭哥”的帮助~
时间： 2024-11-02 23:26:23