本文主要写CentOS和Ubuntu下nginx-1.8.0作为反向代理服务器时的一些编译安装的步骤和参数，将此nginx作为网站服务器用同样不成问题，文末有一些比较好的内核参数优化，有助于提高nginx的性能，可以作为nginx性能优化的一部分。
CentOS版（仅编译安装nginx）
yum install jemalloc jemalloc-devel -y groupadd -r www useradd -r -g www www -c "Web user" -d /dev/null -s /sbin/nologin wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz tar zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz cd nginx-1.8.0 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_spdy_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-ipv6 --with-http_sub_module --with-ld-opt=‘-ljemalloc‘ make make install /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx netstat -ano | grep \:80 ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
Ubuntu版（仅编译安装nginx，Ubuntu的www用户可以使用下面注释中的www-data）
apt-get install libjemalloc1 libjemalloc-dev apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev apt-get install openssl libssl1.0.0 libssl-dev groupadd -r www #www-data:x:33: useradd -r -g www www -c "Web user" -d /dev/null -s /sbin/nologin #www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz tar zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz cd nginx-1.8.0 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_spdy_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-ipv6 --with-http_sub_module --with-ld-opt=‘-ljemalloc‘ make make install /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx ln -s /usr/local/nginx /etc/nginx
自己用的CentOS版本（主要是安装目录、pcre、zlib、openssl）
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz tar zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre2-10.10.tar.gz wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.37.tar.gz mkdir /usr/local/chrisdata tar zxf pcre2-10.10.tar.gz tar zxf pcre-8.37.tar.gz cd pcre-8.37 yum install gcc gcc-c++ -y ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/chrisdata/pcre make make install cd .. cd pcre2-10.10 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/chrisdata/pcre2 make make install cd .. wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2a.tar.gz tar zxf openssl-1.0.2a.tar.gz wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz tar zxf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz cd zlib-1.2.8 ls ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/chrisdata/zlib make make install cd .. cd nginx-1.8.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/chrisdata/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/root/pcre-8.37 --with-zlib=/root/zlib-1.2.8 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/chrisdata/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=/root/openssl-1.0.2a --with-pcre=/root/pcre-8.37 --with-zlib=/root/zlib-1.2.8 --with-http_stub_status_module ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/chrisdata/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=/root/openssl-1.0.2a --with-pcre=/root/pcre-8.37 --with-zlib=/root/zlib-1.2.8 make make install /usr/local/chrisdata/nginx/sbin/nginx -t /usr/local/chrisdata/nginx/sbin/nginx netstat -ano | grep \:80 ln -s /usr/local/chrisdata/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
nginx主配置文件（lnmp一键安装包（lnmp1.2.tar.gz）、去掉注释）
user www www;
worker_processes auto;
error_log logs/error.log crit;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
multi_accept on;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 50m;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/javascript text/css application/xml application/xml+rss;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
server_tokens off;
log_format access ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for‘;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
include vhost/*.conf;
}
proxy upstream日志格式设置（请求时间、请求长度、响应时间、响应状态、响应长度等）
log_format backendtest ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘ ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘ ‘$bytes_sent ‘ ‘$request_length $request_time ‘ ‘$upstream_response_time $upstream_status $upstream_response_length $upstream_header_time $upstream_addr ‘ ‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for‘;
upstream配置
upstream backendtest {
server 192.168.1.102 weight=5;
#...
}
proxy server配置(location后面的正则建议好好研究一下，如果启用stub_status，则必须为“/”，部分web程序由于写法问题可能有相对路径问题，如css，js，需要考虑做进一步的location配置)
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
#location ~ {
location / {
proxy_connect_timeout 300s;
proxy_send_timeout 900;
proxy_read_timeout 900;
proxy_buffer_size 32k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_hide_header Vary;
proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding ‘‘;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header Referer $http_referer;
proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://backendtest;
}
access_log /home/wwwlogs/vhost-8080-backendtest-access.log backendtest;
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
内核参数优化
# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux # # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and # sysctl.conf(5) for more details. fs.file-max = 808127 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 kernel.hung_task_timeout_secs = 0 kernel.msgmax = 65536 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 kernel.shmall = 4294967296 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sysrq = 0 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.somaxconn = 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 5 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 5 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
文件打开数优化
vim /etc/security/limits.conf * soft nofile 65535 * hard nofile 65535
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时间： 2024-10-08 10:29:20