Title:
Given n, how many structurally unique BST‘s (binary search trees) that store values 1...n?
For example,
Given n = 3, there are a total of 5 unique BST‘s.
1 3 3 2 1 \ / / / \ 3 2 1 1 3 2 / / \ 2 1 2 3
首先注意这里是BST而不是普通的Binary Tree,所以数字会对插入的位置有影响。这类找combination/permutation的题都需要找找规律。
n = 0
n = 1
1
n = 2
1 2
\ /
2 1
n = 3
1 3 3 2 1
\ / / / \ \
3 2 1 1 3 2
/ / \ \
2 1 2 3
定义f(n)为unique BST的数量,以n = 3为例:
构造的BST的根节点可以取{1, 2, 3}中的任一数字。
如以1为节点,则left subtree只能有0个节点,而right subtree有2, 3两个节点。所以left/right subtree一共的combination数量为:f(0) * f(2) = 2
以2为节点,则left subtree只能为1,right subtree只能为2:f(1) * f(1) = 1
以3为节点,则left subtree有1, 2两个节点,right subtree有0个节点:f(2)*f(0) = 2
总结规律:
f(0) = 1
f(n) = f(0)*f(n-1) + f(1)*f(n-2) + ... + f(n-2)*f(1) + f(n-1)*f(0)
使用动态规划的代码
class Solution { public: int numTrees(int n) { vector<int> v(n+1,0); v[0] = 1; v[1] = 1; for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++){ for (int k = 0; k < i; k++){ v[i] += v[k] * v[i-1-k]; } } return v[n]; } };
Title:
Given n, generate all structurally unique BST‘s (binary search trees) that store values 1...n.
For example,
Given n = 3, your program should return all 5 unique BST‘s shown below.
1 3 3 2 1 \ / / / \ 3 2 1 1 3 2 / / \ 2 1 2 3
confused what "{1,#,2,3}"
means? > read more on how binary tree is serialized on OJ.
要求生成所有的unique BST,类似combination/permutation的题目,可以递归构造。
1. 根节点可以任取min ~ max (例如min = 1, max = n),假如取定为i。
2. 则left subtree由min ~ i-1组成,假设可以有L种可能。right subtree由i+1 ~ max组成,假设有R种可能。生成所有可能的left/right subtree。
3 对于每个生成的left subtree/right subtree组合<T_left(p), T_right(q)>,p = 1...L,q = 1...R,添加上根节点i而组成一颗新树。
/** * Definition for a binary tree node. * struct TreeNode { * int val; * TreeNode *left; * TreeNode *right; * TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {} * }; */ class Solution { public: vector<TreeNode*> generateTrees(int n) { return fun(1,n); } vector<TreeNode*> fun(int min,int max){ vector<TreeNode*> ret; if (min > max){ ret.push_back(NULL); return ret; } for(int i = min; i <= max; i++){ vector<TreeNode*> left = fun(min,i-1); vector<TreeNode*> right = fun(i+1, max); for (int m = 0; m < left.size(); m++){ for(int n = 0; n <right.size(); n++){ TreeNode * root = new TreeNode(i); root->left = left[m]; root->right = right[n]; ret.push_back(root); } } } } };