二、查询文档
方法：
db.collection.find()
Additional Methods
- db.collection.findOne
- In aggregation pipeline, the $match pipeline stage provides access to MongoDB queries.
db.inventory.insertMany([
{ item: "journal", qty: 25, size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
{ item: "notebook", qty: 50, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "A" },
{ item: "paper", qty: 100, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "D" },
{ item: "planner", qty: 75, size: { h: 22.85, w: 30, uom: "cm" }, status: "D" },
{ item: "postcard", qty: 45, size: { h: 10, w: 15.25, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" }
]);
1、Select All Documents in a Collection
db.inventory.find( {} )=db.inventory.find()
2、Specify Equality Condition
db.inventory.find( { status: "D" } )
SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE status = "D"
3、Specify Conditions Using Query Operators
db.inventory.find( { status: { $in: [ "A", "D" ] } } )
SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE status in ("A", "D")
4、Specify AND Conditions
db.inventory.find( { status: "A", qty: { $lt: 30 } } )
SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE status = "A" AND qty < 30
5、Specify OR Conditions
db.inventory.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" }, { qty: { $lt: 30 } } ] } )
SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE status = "A" OR qty < 30
6、Specify AND as well as OR Conditions
db.inventory.find( {
status: "A",
$or: [ { qty: { $lt: 30 } }, { item: /^p/ } ]
} )
SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE status = "A" AND ( qty < 30 OR item LIKE "p%")
Additional Query Tutorials
1、Query on Embedded/Nested Documents 查询嵌入/嵌套文档（字段值是一个文档）
db.inventory.insertMany( [
{ item: "journal", qty: 25, size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
{ item: "notebook", qty: 50, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "A" },
{ item: "paper", qty: 100, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "D" },
{ item: "planner", qty: 75, size: { h: 22.85, w: 30, uom: "cm" }, status: "D" },
{ item: "postcard", qty: 45, size: { h: 10, w: 15.25, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" }
])
Match an Embedded/Nested Document
查询size字段的值是{ h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }的所有文档：（在作为嵌入/嵌套文档的字段上指定相等条件）
db.inventory.find( { size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" } } )
{ "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
注：文档的精确匹配，包括顺序。
db.inventory.find（{size：{w：21，h：14，uom：“cm”}}）// 与集合中的任何文档不匹配
Query on Nested Field
Specify Equality Match on a Nested Field
查询size字段中嵌套的字段uom的值等于“in”的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { "size.uom": "in" } )
Specify Match using Query Operator
查询size字段中嵌套的字段h的值小于15的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { "size.h": { $lt: 15 } } )
Specify AND Condition
查询size字段中嵌套的字段h的值小于15，uom的值为“in”，status的值为“D”的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { "size.h": { $lt: 15 }, "size.uom": "in", status: "D" } )
2、Query an Array 查询数组（字段值是一个数组）
db.inventory.insertMany([
{ item: "journal", qty: 25, tags: ["blank", "red"], dim_cm: [ 14, 21 ] },
{ item: "notebook", qty: 50, tags: ["red", "blank"], dim_cm: [ 14, 21 ] },
{ item: "paper", qty: 100, tags: ["red", "blank", "plain"], dim_cm: [ 14, 21 ] },
{ item: "planner", qty: 75, tags: ["blank", "red"], dim_cm: [ 22.85, 30 ] },
{ item: "postcard", qty: 45, tags: ["blue"], dim_cm: [ 10, 15.25 ] }
])
Match an Array
查询数组字段tags中正好包含两个元素“red和blank”，并且顺序相同的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { tags: ["red", "blank"] } )
注：精确匹配，包括数组中元素的顺序。
查询数组字段tags中包含“red”和“blank”两个元素的所有文档，不考虑数组中的顺序和其他元素：
db.inventory.find( { tags: { $all: ["red", "blank"] } } )
等同于
db.inventory.find{ $and: [ { tags: "red" }, { tags: "blank" } ]
Query an Array for an Element
查询数组字段tags中包含red元素的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { tags: "red" } )
查询数组字段dim_cm中至少有一个元素的值大于25的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { dim_cm: { $gt: 25 } } )
Specify Multiple Conditions for Array Elements
Query an Array with Compound Filter Conditions on the Array Elements
查询数组字段dim_cn中一个元素的值大于15且另一个元素的值小于20，或者单个元素满足两个条件的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { dim_cm: { $gt: 15, $lt: 20 } } )
Query for an Array Element that Meets Multiple Criteria 查询符合多个标准的数组元素
查询数组字段dim_cm中至少有一个元素的值大于22且小于30的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { dim_cm: { $elemMatch: { $gt: 22, $lt: 30 } } } )
Query for an Element by the Array Index Position 通过数组索引位置查询元素
查询数组字段dim_cm中第二个元素的值大于25的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { "dim_cm.1": { $gt: 25 } } )
Query an Array by Array Length
查询数组字段tags中具有三个元素的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { "tags": { $size: 3 } } )
3、Query an Array of Embedded Documents 查询嵌入式文档的数组（字段值包含数组，数组里面嵌套文档）
db.inventory.insertMany( [
{ item: "journal", instock: [ { warehouse: "A", qty: 5 }, { warehouse: "C", qty: 15 } ] },
{ item: "notebook", instock: [ { warehouse: "C", qty: 5 } ] },
{ item: "paper", instock: [ { warehouse: "A", qty: 60 }, { warehouse: "B", qty: 15 } ] },
{ item: "planner", instock: [ { warehouse: "A", qty: 40 }, { warehouse: "B", qty: 5 } ] },
{ item: "postcard", instock: [ { warehouse: "B", qty: 15 }, { warehouse: "C", qty: 35 } ] }
])
Query for a Document Nested in an Array 查询嵌套在数组中的文档
查询数组字段instock中的嵌入式文档与指定文档匹配的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { "instock": { warehouse: "A", qty: 5 } } )
注：精确匹配，包括字段的顺序。
db.inventory.find( { "instock": { qty: 5, warehouse: "A" } } ) //与集合中的任何文档不匹配。
Specify a Query Condition on a Field in an Array of Documents 在文档数组中的字段上指定查询条件
Use the Array Index to Query for a Field in the Embedded Document 使用数组索引来查询嵌入文档中的字段
查询数组字段instock中第一个嵌入式文档中qty字段的值小于或等于20的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { 'instock.0.qty': { $lte: 20 } } )
Specify a Query Condition on a Field Embedded in an Array of Documents 在文档数组中嵌入的字段上指定查询条件
查询数组字段instock中至少有一个嵌入式文档qty字段的值小于或等于20的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { 'instock.qty': { $lte: 20 } } )
Specify Multiple Conditions for Array of Documents
A Single Nested Document Meets Multiple Query Conditions on Nested Fields 单个嵌套文档在嵌套字段上符合多个查询条件
查询数组字段instock中至少有一个嵌入式文档qty字段的值等于5并且warehouse字段的值等于A的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { "instock": { $elemMatch: { qty: 5, warehouse: "A" } } } )
查询数组字段instock中至少有一个嵌入式文档qty字段的值大于10小于20的所有文档：
db.inventory.find( { "instock": { $elemMatch: { qty: { $gt: 10, $lte: 20 } } } } )
Combination of Elements Satisfies the Criteria 元素的组合满足标准
查询数组字段instock中至少有一个嵌入式文档的qty字段的值大于10，并且另一个嵌入式文档的qty字段的值小于或等于20的所有文档，或者同时满足两个条件：
db.inventory.find( { "instock.qty": { $gt: 10, $lte: 20 } } )
查询数组字段instock中至少有一个嵌入式文档的qty字段的值等于5，并且另一个嵌入式文档的warehouse字段的值是A的所有文档，或者同时满足两个条件：
db.inventory.find( { "instock.qty": 5, "instock.warehouse": "A" }) ）
4、Project Fields to Return from Query 从查询结果中返回指定的字段
db.inventory.insertMany( [
{ item: "journal", status: "A", size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }, instock: [ { warehouse: "A", qty: 5 } ] },
{ item: "notebook", status: "A", size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, instock: [ { warehouse: "C", qty: 5 } ] },
{ item: "paper", status: "D", size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, instock: [ { warehouse: "A", qty: 60 } ] },
{ item: "planner", status: "D", size: { h: 22.85, w: 30, uom: "cm" }, instock: [ { warehouse: "A", qty: 40 } ] },
{ item: "postcard", status: "A", size: { h: 10, w: 15.25, uom: "cm" }, instock: [ { warehouse: "B", qty: 15 }, { warehouse: "C", qty: 35 } ] }
])
Return All Fields in Matching Documents
db.inventory.find( { status: "A" } )
SELECT * from inventory WHERE status = "A"
Return the Specified Fields and the _id Field Only
db.inventory.find( { status: "A" }, { item: 1, status: 1 } )
SELECT _id, item, status from inventory WHERE status = "A"
by default, the _id fields return in the matching documents.
Suppress _id Field
db.inventory.find( { status: "A" }, { item: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 } )
SELECT item, status from inventory WHERE status = "A"
Return All But the Excluded Fields
db.inventory.find( { status: "A" }, { status: 0, instock: 0 } )
With the exception of the _id field, you cannot combine inclusion and exclusion statements in projection documents.
Return Specific Fields in Embedded Documents
size字段只返回嵌入式文档中的uom字段：
db.inventory.find(
{ status: "A" },
{ _id:0,item: 1, status: 1, "size.uom": 1 }
)
Suppress Specific Fields in Embedded Documents
size字段不返回嵌入式文档中的uom字段：
db.inventory.find(
{ status: "A" },
{ "size.uom": 0 }
)
Projection on Embedded Documents in an Array 嵌入式文档在数组中的投影
数组字段instock只返回嵌入式文档中的qty字段：
db.inventory.find( { status: "A" }, { item: 1, status: 1, "instock.qty": 1 } )
Project Specific Array Elements in the Returned Array
数组字段instock只返回最后一个元素：
db.inventory.find( { status: "A" }, { _id:0,item: 1, status: 1, instock: { $slice: -1 } } )
5、Query for Null or Missing Fields 查询null或空值
db.inventory.insertMany([
{ _id: 1, item: null },
{ _id: 2 }
])
Equality Filter
db.inventory.find( { item: null } )
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : null }
{ "_id" : 2 }
Type Check
db.inventory.find( { item : { $type: 10 } } ) //指定类型
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : null }
Existence Check
db.inventory.find( { item : { $exists: false } } )
{ "_id" : 2 }
查询和投影操作符
Comparison Query Operators
$eq Matches values that are equal to a specified value.
$gt Matches values that are greater than a specified value.
$gte Matches values that are greater than or equal to a specified value.
$lt Matches values that are less than a specified value.
$lte Matches values that are less than or equal to a specified value.
$ne Matches all values that are not equal to a specified value.
db.inventory.find( { qty: { $ne: 20 } } )
This query will select all documents in the inventory collection where the qty field value does not equal 20, including those documents that do not contain the qty field.
$in Matches any of the values specified in an array.
$in操作符选择字段的值等于指定数组中的任何值的文档。
db.inventory.find( { qty: { $in: [ 5, 15 ] } } )
$nin Matches none of the values specified in an array.
$nin selects the documents where:
- the field value is not in the specified array or
- the field does not exist.
db.inventory.find( { qty: { $nin: [ 5, 15 ] } } )
Logical Query Operators
$or Joins query clauses with a logical OR returns all documents that match the conditions of either clause.
$and Joins query clauses with a logical AND returns all documents that match the conditions of both clauses.
$not Inverts the effect of a query expression and returns documents that do not match the query expression.
返回与查询表达式不匹配的文档。
db.inventory.find( { price: { $not: { $gt: 1.99 } } } )
- the price field value is less than or equal to 1.99 or
- the price field does not exist
$nor Joins query clauses with a logical NOR returns all documents that fail to match both clauses.
使用逻辑NOR连接查询子句返回所有不匹配两个子句的文档。
db.inventory.find( { $nor: [ { price: 1.99 }, { sale: true } ] } )
- contain the price field whose value is not equal to 1.99 and contain the sale field whose value is not equal to true or
- contain the price field whose value is not equal to 1.99 but do not contain the sale field or
- do not contain the price field but contain the sale field whose value is not equal to true or
- do not contain the price field and do not contain the sale field
db.inventory.find( { $nor: [ { price: 1.99 }, { qty: { $lt: 20 } }, { sale: true } ] } )
- the price field value does not equal 1.99 and
- the qty field value is not less than 20 and
- the sale field value is not equal to true
including those documents that do not contain these field(s).
Element Query Operators 元素查询操作符
$exists Matches documents that have the specified field.
{ a: 5, b: 5, c: null }
{ a: 3, b: null, c: 8 }
{ a: null, b: 3, c: 9 }
{ a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }
{ a: 2, c: 5 }
{ a: 3, b: 2 }
{ a: 4 }
{ b: 2, c: 4 }
{ b: 2 }
{ c: 6 }
db.records.find( { a: { $exists: true } } )
{ a: 5, b: 5, c: null }
{ a: 3, b: null, c: 8 }
{ a: null, b: 3, c: 9 }
{ a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }
{ a: 2, c: 5 }
{ a: 3, b: 2 }
{ a: 4 }
db.records.find( { b: { $exists: false } } )
{ a: 2, c: 5 }
{ a: 4 }
{ c: 6 }
$type Selects documents if a field is of the specified type.
Projection Operators
$
The positional $operator limits the contents of an <array> from the query results to contain only the first element matching the query document.
位置$运算符将查询结果中的<array>的内容限制为仅包含与查询文档匹配的第一个元素。
{ "_id" : 1, "semester" : 1, "grades" : [ 70, 87, 90 ] }
{ "_id" : 2, "semester" : 1, "grades" : [ 90, 88, 92 ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "semester" : 1, "grades" : [ 85, 100, 90 ] }
{ "_id" : 4, "semester" : 2, "grades" : [ 79, 85, 80 ] }
{ "_id" : 5, "semester" : 2, "grades" : [ 88, 88, 92 ] }
{ "_id" : 6, "semester" : 2, "grades" : [ 95, 90, 96 ] }
db.students.find( { semester: 1, grades: { $gte: 85 } },
{ "grades.$": 1 } )
{ "_id" : 1, "grades" : [ 87 ] }
{ "_id" : 2, "grades" : [ 90 ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "grades" : [ 85 ] }
{ "_id" : 7, semester: 3, "grades" : [ { grade: 80, mean: 75, std: 8 },
{ grade: 85, mean: 90, std: 5 },
{ grade: 90, mean: 85, std: 3 } ] }
{ "_id" : 8, semester: 3, "grades" : [ { grade: 92, mean: 88, std: 8 },
{ grade: 78, mean: 90, std: 5 },
{ grade: 88, mean: 85, std: 3 } ] }
db.students.find(
{ "grades.mean": { $gt: 70 } },
{ "grades.$": 1 }
)
//返回grades字段中mean值大于70的第一个元素：
{ "_id" : 7, "grades" : [ { "grade" : 80, "mean" : 75, "std" : 8 } ] }
{ "_id" : 8, "grades" : [ { "grade" : 92, "mean" : 88, "std" : 8 } ] }
$elemMatch
The $elemMatch operator limits the contents of an <array> field from the query results to contain only the first element matching the $elemMatch condition.
$elemMatch操作符将查询结果中的<array>字段的内容限制为仅包含与$elemMatch条件匹配的第一个元素。
{
_id: 1,
zipcode: "63109",
students: [
{ name: "john", school: 102, age: 10 },
{ name: "jess", school: 102, age: 11 },
{ name: "jeff", school: 108, age: 15 }
]
}
{
_id: 2,
zipcode: "63110",
students: [
{ name: "ajax", school: 100, age: 7 },
{ name: "achilles", school: 100, age: 8 },
]
}
{
_id: 3,
zipcode: "63109",
students: [
{ name: "ajax", school: 100, age: 7 },
{ name: "achilles", school: 100, age: 8 },
]
}
{
_id: 4,
zipcode: "63109",
students: [
{ name: "barney", school: 102, age: 7 },
{ name: "ruth", school: 102, age: 16 },
]
}
db.schools.find( { zipcode: "63109" },
{ students: { $elemMatch: { school: 102 } } } )
{ "_id" : 1, "students" : [ { "name" : "john", "school" : 102, "age" : 10 } ] }
{ "_id" : 3 }
{ "_id" : 4, "students" : [ { "name" : "barney", "school" : 102, "age" : 7 } ] }
- For the document with _id equal to 1, the students array contains multiple elements with the school field equal to 102. However, the $elemMatch projection returns only the first matching element from the array.
- The document with _id equal to 3 does not contain the students field in the result since no element in its students array matched the $elemMatch condition.
db.schools.find( { zipcode: "63109" },
{ students: { $elemMatch: { school: 102, age: { $gt: 10} } } } )
{ "_id" : 1, "students" : [ { "name" : "jess", "school" : 102, "age" : 11 } ] }
{ "_id" : 3 }
{ "_id" : 4, "students" : [ { "name" : "ruth", "school" : 102, "age" : 16 } ] }
The document with _id equal to 3 does not contain the students field since no array element matched the $elemMatch criteria.
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/395469372/2103695