[POJ 3311]Hie with the Pie——谈论TSP难题DP解决方法

主题连接:



id=3311">http://poj.org/problem?id=3311

题目大意:有n+1个点,给出点0~n的每两个点之间的距离,求这个图上TSP问题的最小解

思路:用二进制数来表示訪问过的城市集合。f[{S}][j]=已经訪问过的城市集合为S,訪问了j个城市。所需的最少花费。

这里提一下二进制数表示集合的方法(这里最好还是设集合中最多有n个元素):

假设集合S中最多会出现n个元素,则用长度为n的二进制数来表示集合S,每一位代表一个元素。该位为0表示该元素在集合S中不存在,为1表示该元素在集合S中存在

位数 4 3 2 1

S     1 0 1 1

这个集合S里有元素1、2、4

以下是二进制数表示几种集合运算的方法

1、集合S的全集U=(1<<n)-1

2、检查集合S中是否含元素i   S&(1<<(i-1))   (返回0表示不存在。返回1表示存在)

3、从集合S中去除元素i S^(1<<(i-1))

以下是本题的思路:

首先对整个图跑一次Floyd多源最短路。得到两两点之间的最短距离,然后用DP求解,f[{S}][j]=已经訪问过的城市集合为S。訪问了j个城市,所需的最少花费。

f[S][i]=min{f[S-{j}][j]+dist[j][i]}

最后得到的答案ans=min(f[全集][i]+dist[i][0])

代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>

#define MAXN 15
#define MAXM 1<<15
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f

using namespace std;

int f[MAXM][MAXN]; //f[{S}][j]=已经訪问过的城市集合为S。訪问了j个城市,所需的最少花费
int dist[MAXN][MAXN]; //点与点之间的距离
int n;

int min(int a,int b)
{
    if(a<b) return a;
    return b;
}

void Floyd()
{
    for(int k=0;k<=n;k++)
        for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
            for(int j=0;j<=n;j++)
                dist[i][j]=min(dist[i][j],dist[i][k]+dist[k][j]);
}

int TSP() //DP求TSP
{
    memset(f,0x7f,sizeof(f));
    for(int s=0;s<(1<<n);s++) //枚举訪问城市集合S,全集为(1<<n)-1
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) //枚举近期訪问过的城市i
            if(s&(1<<(i-1))) //city(i)∈S
            {
                if(s==(1<<(i-1))) //{city(i)}==S
                    f[s][i]=dist[0][i];
                else
                {
                    for(int j=1;j<=n;j++) //枚举上一次訪问的城市j
                    if((s&(1<<(j-1)))&&i!=j) //城市j不和i同样
                        f[s][i]=min(f[s][i],f[s^(1<<(i-1))][j]+dist[j][i]); //Cs {city(J)}=s^(1<<(i-1))
                }
            }
    int ans=INF;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        ans=min(ans,f[(1<<n)-1][i]+dist[i][0]);
    return ans;
}

int main()
{
    while(scanf("%d",&n)&&n)
    {
        memset(dist,0,sizeof(dist));
        for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
            for(int j=0;j<=n;j++)
                scanf("%d",&dist[i][j]);
        Floyd();
        printf("%d\n",TSP());
    }
    return 0;
}

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时间: 2024-10-01 03:43:49

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