进程间通信有很多种,windows上面比较简单的有管道通信(匿名管道及命名管道)
最近做个本机c#界面与c++服务进行通信的一个需求。简单用命名管道通信。msdn都直接有demo,详见下方参考。
c++:LPTSTR lpszPipename = TEXT("\\\\.\\pipe\\mynamedpipe"); c#:new NamedPipeClientStream("localhost", "mynamedpipe", PipeDirection.InOut, PipeOptions.None, TokenImpersonationLevel.None))
c# client端代码:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.IO; using System.IO.Pipes; using System.Security.Principal; namespace ConsoleApplication4 { class Program { private static void SendData() { try { using (NamedPipeClientStream pipeClient = new NamedPipeClientStream("localhost", "mynamedpipe", PipeDirection.InOut, PipeOptions.None, TokenImpersonationLevel.None)) { pipeClient.Connect(); using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(pipeClient)) { sw.WriteLine("c:\\test\\test.doc"); sw.Flush(); } } } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("send data start"); SendData(); Console.WriteLine("send data end"); } } }
c++:
#include <windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <tchar.h> #include <strsafe.h> #define BUFSIZE 512 DWORD WINAPI InstanceThread(LPVOID); VOID GetAnswerToRequest(LPTSTR, LPTSTR, LPDWORD); int _tmain(VOID) { BOOL fConnected = FALSE; DWORD dwThreadId = 0; HANDLE hPipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, hThread = NULL; LPTSTR lpszPipename = TEXT("\\\\.\\pipe\\mynamedpipe"); // The main loop creates an instance of the named pipe and // then waits for a client to connect to it. When the client // connects, a thread is created to handle communications // with that client, and this loop is free to wait for the // next client connect request. It is an infinite loop. for (;;) { _tprintf( TEXT("\nPipe Server: Main thread awaiting client connection on %s\n"), lpszPipename); hPipe = CreateNamedPipe( lpszPipename, // pipe name PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX, // read/write access PIPE_TYPE_MESSAGE | // message type pipe PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE | // message-read mode PIPE_WAIT, // blocking mode PIPE_UNLIMITED_INSTANCES, // max. instances BUFSIZE, // output buffer size BUFSIZE, // input buffer size 0, // client time-out NULL); // default security attribute if (hPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { _tprintf(TEXT("CreateNamedPipe failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); return -1; } // Wait for the client to connect; if it succeeds, // the function returns a nonzero value. If the function // returns zero, GetLastError returns ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED. fConnected = ConnectNamedPipe(hPipe, NULL) ? TRUE : (GetLastError() == ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED); if (fConnected) { printf("Client connected, creating a processing thread.\n"); // Create a thread for this client. hThread = CreateThread( NULL, // no security attribute 0, // default stack size InstanceThread, // thread proc (LPVOID) hPipe, // thread parameter 0, // not suspended &dwThreadId); // returns thread ID if (hThread == NULL) { _tprintf(TEXT("CreateThread failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); return -1; } else CloseHandle(hThread); } else // The client could not connect, so close the pipe. CloseHandle(hPipe); } return 0; } DWORD WINAPI InstanceThread(LPVOID lpvParam) // This routine is a thread processing function to read from and reply to a client // via the open pipe connection passed from the main loop. Note this allows // the main loop to continue executing, potentially creating more threads of // of this procedure to run concurrently, depending on the number of incoming // client connections. { HANDLE hHeap = GetProcessHeap(); TCHAR* pchRequest = (TCHAR*)HeapAlloc(hHeap, 0, BUFSIZE*sizeof(TCHAR)); TCHAR* pchReply = (TCHAR*)HeapAlloc(hHeap, 0, BUFSIZE*sizeof(TCHAR)); DWORD cbBytesRead = 0, cbReplyBytes = 0, cbWritten = 0; BOOL fSuccess = FALSE; HANDLE hPipe = NULL; // Do some extra error checking since the app will keep running even if this // thread fails. if (lpvParam == NULL) { printf( "\nERROR - Pipe Server Failure:\n"); printf( " InstanceThread got an unexpected NULL value in lpvParam.\n"); printf( " InstanceThread exitting.\n"); if (pchReply != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchReply); if (pchRequest != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchRequest); return (DWORD)-1; } if (pchRequest == NULL) { printf( "\nERROR - Pipe Server Failure:\n"); printf( " InstanceThread got an unexpected NULL heap allocation.\n"); printf( " InstanceThread exitting.\n"); if (pchReply != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchReply); return (DWORD)-1; } if (pchReply == NULL) { printf( "\nERROR - Pipe Server Failure:\n"); printf( " InstanceThread got an unexpected NULL heap allocation.\n"); printf( " InstanceThread exitting.\n"); if (pchRequest != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchRequest); return (DWORD)-1; } // Print verbose messages. In production code, this should be for debugging only. printf("InstanceThread created, receiving and processing messages.\n"); // The thread‘s parameter is a handle to a pipe object instance. hPipe = (HANDLE) lpvParam; // Loop until done reading while (1) { // Read client requests from the pipe. This simplistic code only allows messages // up to BUFSIZE characters in length. fSuccess = ReadFile( hPipe, // handle to pipe pchRequest, // buffer to receive data BUFSIZE*sizeof(TCHAR), // size of buffer &cbBytesRead, // number of bytes read NULL); // not overlapped I/O if (!fSuccess || cbBytesRead == 0) { if (GetLastError() == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE) { _tprintf(TEXT("InstanceThread: client disconnected.\n"), GetLastError()); } else { _tprintf(TEXT("InstanceThread ReadFile failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); } break; } //处理你接收到的字符串 // Process the incoming message. GetAnswerToRequest(pchRequest, pchReply, &cbReplyBytes); // Write the reply to the pipe. fSuccess = WriteFile( hPipe, // handle to pipe pchReply, // buffer to write from cbReplyBytes, // number of bytes to write &cbWritten, // number of bytes written NULL); // not overlapped I/O if (!fSuccess || cbReplyBytes != cbWritten) { _tprintf(TEXT("InstanceThread WriteFile failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); break; } } // Flush the pipe to allow the client to read the pipe‘s contents // before disconnecting. Then disconnect the pipe, and close the // handle to this pipe instance. FlushFileBuffers(hPipe); DisconnectNamedPipe(hPipe); CloseHandle(hPipe); HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchRequest); HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchReply); printf("InstanceThread exitting.\n"); return 1; } VOID GetAnswerToRequest( LPTSTR pchRequest, LPTSTR pchReply, LPDWORD pchBytes ) // This routine is a simple function to print the client request to the console // and populate the reply buffer with a default data string. This is where you // would put the actual client request processing code that runs in the context // of an instance thread. Keep in mind the main thread will continue to wait for // and receive other client connections while the instance thread is working. { _tprintf( TEXT("Client Request String:\"%s\"\n"), pchRequest ); // Check the outgoing message to make sure it‘s not too long for the buffer. if (FAILED(StringCchCopy( pchReply, BUFSIZE, TEXT("default answer from server") ))) { *pchBytes = 0; pchReply[0] = 0; printf("StringCchCopy failed, no outgoing message.\n"); return; } *pchBytes = (lstrlen(pchReply)+1)*sizeof(TCHAR); }
参考:
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https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365588(v=vs.85).aspx
Multithreaded Pipe Server
The following example is a multithreaded pipe server. It has a main thread with a loop that creates a pipe instance and waits for a pipe client to connect. When a pipe client connects, the pipe server creates a thread to service that client and then continues to execute the loop in the main thread. It is possible for a pipe client to connect successfully to the pipe instance in the interval between calls to the CreateNamedPipe and ConnectNamedPipe functions. If this happens, ConnectNamedPipe returns zero, and GetLastError returns ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED.
The thread created to service each pipe instance reads requests from the pipe and writes replies to the pipe until the pipe client closes its handle. When this happens, the thread flushes the pipe, disconnects, closes its pipe handle, and terminates. The main thread will run until an error occurs or the process is ended.
This pipe server can be used with the pipe client described in Named Pipe Client.
#include <windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <tchar.h> #include <strsafe.h> #define BUFSIZE 512 DWORD WINAPI InstanceThread(LPVOID); VOID GetAnswerToRequest(LPTSTR, LPTSTR, LPDWORD); int _tmain(VOID) { BOOL fConnected = FALSE; DWORD dwThreadId = 0; HANDLE hPipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, hThread = NULL; LPTSTR lpszPipename = TEXT("\\\\.\\pipe\\mynamedpipe"); // The main loop creates an instance of the named pipe and // then waits for a client to connect to it. When the client // connects, a thread is created to handle communications // with that client, and this loop is free to wait for the // next client connect request. It is an infinite loop. for (;;) { _tprintf( TEXT("\nPipe Server: Main thread awaiting client connection on %s\n"), lpszPipename); hPipe = CreateNamedPipe( lpszPipename, // pipe name PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX, // read/write access PIPE_TYPE_MESSAGE | // message type pipe PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE | // message-read mode PIPE_WAIT, // blocking mode PIPE_UNLIMITED_INSTANCES, // max. instances BUFSIZE, // output buffer size BUFSIZE, // input buffer size 0, // client time-out NULL); // default security attribute if (hPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { _tprintf(TEXT("CreateNamedPipe failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); return -1; } // Wait for the client to connect; if it succeeds, // the function returns a nonzero value. If the function // returns zero, GetLastError returns ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED. fConnected = ConnectNamedPipe(hPipe, NULL) ? TRUE : (GetLastError() == ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED); if (fConnected) { printf("Client connected, creating a processing thread.\n"); // Create a thread for this client. hThread = CreateThread( NULL, // no security attribute 0, // default stack size InstanceThread, // thread proc (LPVOID) hPipe, // thread parameter 0, // not suspended &dwThreadId); // returns thread ID if (hThread == NULL) { _tprintf(TEXT("CreateThread failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); return -1; } else CloseHandle(hThread); } else // The client could not connect, so close the pipe. CloseHandle(hPipe); } return 0; } DWORD WINAPI InstanceThread(LPVOID lpvParam) // This routine is a thread processing function to read from and reply to a client // via the open pipe connection passed from the main loop. Note this allows // the main loop to continue executing, potentially creating more threads of // of this procedure to run concurrently, depending on the number of incoming // client connections. { HANDLE hHeap = GetProcessHeap(); TCHAR* pchRequest = (TCHAR*)HeapAlloc(hHeap, 0, BUFSIZE*sizeof(TCHAR)); TCHAR* pchReply = (TCHAR*)HeapAlloc(hHeap, 0, BUFSIZE*sizeof(TCHAR)); DWORD cbBytesRead = 0, cbReplyBytes = 0, cbWritten = 0; BOOL fSuccess = FALSE; HANDLE hPipe = NULL; // Do some extra error checking since the app will keep running even if this // thread fails. if (lpvParam == NULL) { printf( "\nERROR - Pipe Server Failure:\n"); printf( " InstanceThread got an unexpected NULL value in lpvParam.\n"); printf( " InstanceThread exitting.\n"); if (pchReply != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchReply); if (pchRequest != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchRequest); return (DWORD)-1; } if (pchRequest == NULL) { printf( "\nERROR - Pipe Server Failure:\n"); printf( " InstanceThread got an unexpected NULL heap allocation.\n"); printf( " InstanceThread exitting.\n"); if (pchReply != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchReply); return (DWORD)-1; } if (pchReply == NULL) { printf( "\nERROR - Pipe Server Failure:\n"); printf( " InstanceThread got an unexpected NULL heap allocation.\n"); printf( " InstanceThread exitting.\n"); if (pchRequest != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchRequest); return (DWORD)-1; } // Print verbose messages. In production code, this should be for debugging only. printf("InstanceThread created, receiving and processing messages.\n"); // The thread‘s parameter is a handle to a pipe object instance. hPipe = (HANDLE) lpvParam; // Loop until done reading while (1) { // Read client requests from the pipe. This simplistic code only allows messages // up to BUFSIZE characters in length. fSuccess = ReadFile( hPipe, // handle to pipe pchRequest, // buffer to receive data BUFSIZE*sizeof(TCHAR), // size of buffer &cbBytesRead, // number of bytes read NULL); // not overlapped I/O if (!fSuccess || cbBytesRead == 0) { if (GetLastError() == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE) { _tprintf(TEXT("InstanceThread: client disconnected.\n"), GetLastError()); } else { _tprintf(TEXT("InstanceThread ReadFile failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); } break; } // Process the incoming message. GetAnswerToRequest(pchRequest, pchReply, &cbReplyBytes); // Write the reply to the pipe. fSuccess = WriteFile( hPipe, // handle to pipe pchReply, // buffer to write from cbReplyBytes, // number of bytes to write &cbWritten, // number of bytes written NULL); // not overlapped I/O if (!fSuccess || cbReplyBytes != cbWritten) { _tprintf(TEXT("InstanceThread WriteFile failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); break; } } // Flush the pipe to allow the client to read the pipe‘s contents // before disconnecting. Then disconnect the pipe, and close the // handle to this pipe instance. FlushFileBuffers(hPipe); DisconnectNamedPipe(hPipe); CloseHandle(hPipe); HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchRequest); HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchReply); printf("InstanceThread exitting.\n"); return 1; } VOID GetAnswerToRequest( LPTSTR pchRequest, LPTSTR pchReply, LPDWORD pchBytes ) // This routine is a simple function to print the client request to the console // and populate the reply buffer with a default data string. This is where you // would put the actual client request processing code that runs in the context // of an instance thread. Keep in mind the main thread will continue to wait for // and receive other client connections while the instance thread is working. { _tprintf( TEXT("Client Request String:\"%s\"\n"), pchRequest ); // Check the outgoing message to make sure it‘s not too long for the buffer. if (FAILED(StringCchCopy( pchReply, BUFSIZE, TEXT("default answer from server") ))) { *pchBytes = 0; pchReply[0] = 0; printf("StringCchCopy failed, no outgoing message.\n"); return; } *pchBytes = (lstrlen(pchReply)+1)*sizeof(TCHAR); } http://www.cnblogs.com/wardensky/p/4175212.html
The following example is a multithreaded pipe server. It has a main thread with a loop that creates a pipe instance and waits for a pipe client to connect. When a pipe client connects, the pipe server creates a thread to service that client and then continues to execute the loop in the main thread. It is possible for a pipe client to connect successfully to the pipe instance in the interval between calls to the CreateNamedPipe and ConnectNamedPipe functions. If this happens, ConnectNamedPipe returns zero, and GetLastError returns ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED.
The thread created to service each pipe instance reads requests from the pipe and writes replies to the pipe until the pipe client closes its handle. When this happens, the thread flushes the pipe, disconnects, closes its pipe handle, and terminates. The main thread will run until an error occurs or the process is ended.
This pipe server can be used with the pipe client described in Named Pipe Client.
#include <windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <tchar.h> #include <strsafe.h> #define BUFSIZE 512 DWORD WINAPI InstanceThread(LPVOID); VOID GetAnswerToRequest(LPTSTR, LPTSTR, LPDWORD); int _tmain(VOID) { BOOL fConnected = FALSE; DWORD dwThreadId = 0; HANDLE hPipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, hThread = NULL; LPTSTR lpszPipename = TEXT("\\\\.\\pipe\\mynamedpipe"); // The main loop creates an instance of the named pipe and // then waits for a client to connect to it. When the client // connects, a thread is created to handle communications // with that client, and this loop is free to wait for the // next client connect request. It is an infinite loop. for (;;) { _tprintf( TEXT("\nPipe Server: Main thread awaiting client connection on %s\n"), lpszPipename); hPipe = CreateNamedPipe( lpszPipename, // pipe name PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX, // read/write access PIPE_TYPE_MESSAGE | // message type pipe PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE | // message-read mode PIPE_WAIT, // blocking mode PIPE_UNLIMITED_INSTANCES, // max. instances BUFSIZE, // output buffer size BUFSIZE, // input buffer size 0, // client time-out NULL); // default security attribute if (hPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { _tprintf(TEXT("CreateNamedPipe failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); return -1; } // Wait for the client to connect; if it succeeds, // the function returns a nonzero value. If the function // returns zero, GetLastError returns ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED. fConnected = ConnectNamedPipe(hPipe, NULL) ? TRUE : (GetLastError() == ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED); if (fConnected) { printf("Client connected, creating a processing thread.\n"); // Create a thread for this client. hThread = CreateThread( NULL, // no security attribute 0, // default stack size InstanceThread, // thread proc (LPVOID) hPipe, // thread parameter 0, // not suspended &dwThreadId); // returns thread ID if (hThread == NULL) { _tprintf(TEXT("CreateThread failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); return -1; } else CloseHandle(hThread); } else // The client could not connect, so close the pipe. CloseHandle(hPipe); } return 0; } DWORD WINAPI InstanceThread(LPVOID lpvParam) // This routine is a thread processing function to read from and reply to a client // via the open pipe connection passed from the main loop. Note this allows // the main loop to continue executing, potentially creating more threads of // of this procedure to run concurrently, depending on the number of incoming // client connections. { HANDLE hHeap = GetProcessHeap(); TCHAR* pchRequest = (TCHAR*)HeapAlloc(hHeap, 0, BUFSIZE*sizeof(TCHAR)); TCHAR* pchReply = (TCHAR*)HeapAlloc(hHeap, 0, BUFSIZE*sizeof(TCHAR)); DWORD cbBytesRead = 0, cbReplyBytes = 0, cbWritten = 0; BOOL fSuccess = FALSE; HANDLE hPipe = NULL; // Do some extra error checking since the app will keep running even if this // thread fails. if (lpvParam == NULL) { printf( "\nERROR - Pipe Server Failure:\n"); printf( " InstanceThread got an unexpected NULL value in lpvParam.\n"); printf( " InstanceThread exitting.\n"); if (pchReply != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchReply); if (pchRequest != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchRequest); return (DWORD)-1; } if (pchRequest == NULL) { printf( "\nERROR - Pipe Server Failure:\n"); printf( " InstanceThread got an unexpected NULL heap allocation.\n"); printf( " InstanceThread exitting.\n"); if (pchReply != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchReply); return (DWORD)-1; } if (pchReply == NULL) { printf( "\nERROR - Pipe Server Failure:\n"); printf( " InstanceThread got an unexpected NULL heap allocation.\n"); printf( " InstanceThread exitting.\n"); if (pchRequest != NULL) HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchRequest); return (DWORD)-1; } // Print verbose messages. In production code, this should be for debugging only. printf("InstanceThread created, receiving and processing messages.\n"); // The thread‘s parameter is a handle to a pipe object instance. hPipe = (HANDLE) lpvParam; // Loop until done reading while (1) { // Read client requests from the pipe. This simplistic code only allows messages // up to BUFSIZE characters in length. fSuccess = ReadFile( hPipe, // handle to pipe pchRequest, // buffer to receive data BUFSIZE*sizeof(TCHAR), // size of buffer &cbBytesRead, // number of bytes read NULL); // not overlapped I/O if (!fSuccess || cbBytesRead == 0) { if (GetLastError() == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE) { _tprintf(TEXT("InstanceThread: client disconnected.\n"), GetLastError()); } else { _tprintf(TEXT("InstanceThread ReadFile failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); } break; } // Process the incoming message. GetAnswerToRequest(pchRequest, pchReply, &cbReplyBytes); // Write the reply to the pipe. fSuccess = WriteFile( hPipe, // handle to pipe pchReply, // buffer to write from cbReplyBytes, // number of bytes to write &cbWritten, // number of bytes written NULL); // not overlapped I/O if (!fSuccess || cbReplyBytes != cbWritten) { _tprintf(TEXT("InstanceThread WriteFile failed, GLE=%d.\n"), GetLastError()); break; } } // Flush the pipe to allow the client to read the pipe‘s contents // before disconnecting. Then disconnect the pipe, and close the // handle to this pipe instance. FlushFileBuffers(hPipe); DisconnectNamedPipe(hPipe); CloseHandle(hPipe); HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchRequest); HeapFree(hHeap, 0, pchReply); printf("InstanceThread exitting.\n"); return 1; } VOID GetAnswerToRequest( LPTSTR pchRequest, LPTSTR pchReply, LPDWORD pchBytes ) // This routine is a simple function to print the client request to the console // and populate the reply buffer with a default data string. This is where you // would put the actual client request processing code that runs in the context // of an instance thread. Keep in mind the main thread will continue to wait for // and receive other client connections while the instance thread is working. { _tprintf( TEXT("Client Request String:\"%s\"\n"), pchRequest ); // Check the outgoing message to make sure it‘s not too long for the buffer. if (FAILED(StringCchCopy( pchReply, BUFSIZE, TEXT("default answer from server") ))) { *pchBytes = 0; pchReply[0] = 0; printf("StringCchCopy failed, no outgoing message.\n"); return; } *pchBytes = (lstrlen(pchReply)+1)*sizeof(TCHAR); } http://www.cnblogs.com/wardensky/p/4175212.html
C#命名管道通信
C#命名管道通信
最近项目中要用c#进程间通信,以前常见的方法包括RMI、发消息等。但在Windows下面发消息需要有窗口,我们的程序是一个后台运行程序,发消息不试用。RMI又用的太多了,准备用管道通信来做消息通信。
管道通信以前在大学学过,包括匿名管道和命名管道。匿名管道只能用在父子进程之间;命名管道可以用在两个进程甚至跨服务器通信。这里给出命名管道的示例。
服务器端代码
private static void WaitData()
{
using (NamedPipeServerStream pipeServer =
new NamedPipeServerStream("testpipe", PipeDirection.InOut, 1))
{
try
{
pipeServer.WaitForConnection();
pipeServer.ReadMode = PipeTransmissionMode.Byte;
using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(pipeServer))
{
string con = sr.ReadToEnd();
Console.WriteLine(con);
}
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw e;
}
}
}
客户端代码
private static void SendData()
{
try
{
using (NamedPipeClientStream pipeClient =
new NamedPipeClientStream("localhost", "testpipe", PipeDirection.InOut, PipeOptions.None, TokenImpersonationLevel.None))
{
pipeClient.Connect();
using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(pipeClient))
{
sw.WriteLine("hahha");
sw.Flush();
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
参考: