一.实验介绍
1.1 项目目标
本项目使用wxpython、asynchat、_thread等模块开发一个图形界面的聊天室程序。
1.2知识点
- asyncore 、asynchat模块使用
- wxPython 图形开发
1.3项目环境
- Python3.5
二.服务器端
首先创建一个聊天服务器类，通过继承asyncore.dispatcher类来实现，创建server.py文件，写入如下代码：
import asynchat
import asyncore
# 定义端口
PORT = 2222
# 定义结束异常类
class EndSession(Exception):
pass
class ChatServer(asyncore.dispatcher):
"""
聊天服务器
"""
def __init__(self, port):
asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self)
# 创建socket
self.create_socket()
# 设置 socket 为可重用
self.set_reuse_addr()
# 监听端口
self.bind((‘0.0.0.0‘, port))
self.listen(5)
self.users = {}
self.main_room = ChatRoom(self)
def handle_accept(self):
conn, addr = self.accept()
ChatSession(self, conn)
上述代码完成后，在服务器中还需要能维护每个用户的链接会话，这个功能使用asynchat.async_chat类来实现，在server.py中继续写下如下代码：
class ChatSession(asynchat.async_chat):
"""
负责和客户端通信
"""
def __init__(self, server, sock):
asynchat.async_chat.__init__(self, sock)
self.server = server
self.set_terminator(b‘\n‘)
self.data = []
self.name = None
self.enter(LoginRoom(server))
def enter(self, room):
# 从当前房间移除自身，然后添加到指定房间
try:
cur = self.room
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
cur.remove(self)
self.room = room
room.add(self)
def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
# 接收客户端的数据
self.data.append(data.decode("utf-8"))
def found_terminator(self):
# 当客户端的一条数据结束时的处理
line = ‘‘.join(self.data)
self.data = []
try:
self.room.handle(self, line.encode("utf-8"))
# 退出聊天室的处理
except EndSession:
self.handle_close()
def handle_close(self):
# 当 session 关闭时，将进入 LogoutRoom
asynchat.async_chat.handle_close(self)
self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))
接下来实现命令处理类，实现用户的登陆，退出。发消息、查询在线用户的功能,并且使得在房间中的用户类可以继承该命令处理类。在server.py中继续写入如下代码:
class CommandHandler:
"""
命令处理类
"""
def unknown(self, session, cmd):
# 响应未知命令
# 通过 aynchat.async_chat.push 方法发送消息
session.push((‘Unknown command {} \n‘.format(cmd)).encode("utf-8"))
def handle(self, session, line):
line = line.decode()
# 命令处理
if not line.strip():
return
parts = line.split(‘ ‘, 1)
cmd = parts[0]
try:
line = parts[1].strip()
except IndexError:
line = ‘‘
# 通过协议代码执行相应的方法
method = getattr(self, ‘do_‘ + cmd, None)
try:
method(session, line)
except TypeError:
self.unknown(session, cmd)
class Room(CommandHandler):
"""
包含多个用户的环境，负责基本的命令处理和广播
"""
def __init__(self, server):
self.server = server
self.sessions = []
def add(self, session):
# 一个用户进入房间
self.sessions.append(session)
def remove(self, session):
# 一个用户离开房间
self.sessions.remove(session)
def broadcast(self, line):
# 向所有的用户发送指定消息
# 使用 asynchat.asyn_chat.push 方法发送数据
for session in self.sessions:
session.push(line)
def do_logout(self, session, line):
# 退出房间
raise EndSession
class LoginRoom(Room):
"""
处理登录用户
"""
def add(self, session):
# 用户连接成功的回应
Room.add(self, session)
# 使用 asynchat.asyn_chat.push 方法发送数据
session.push(b‘Connect Success‘)
def do_login(self, session, line):
# 用户登录逻辑
name = line.strip()
# 获取用户名称
if not name:
session.push(b‘UserName Empty‘)
# 检查是否有同名用户
elif name in self.server.users:
session.push(b‘UserName Exist‘)
# 用户名检查成功后，进入主聊天室
else:
session.name = name
session.enter(self.server.main_room)
class LogoutRoom(Room):
"""
处理退出用户
"""
def add(self, session):
# 从服务器中移除
try:
del self.server.users[session.name]
except KeyError:
pass
class ChatRoom(Room):
"""
聊天用的房间
"""
def add(self, session):
# 广播新用户进入
session.push(b‘Login Success‘)
self.broadcast((session.name + ‘ has entered the room.\n‘).encode("utf-8"))
self.server.users[session.name] = session
Room.add(self, session)
def remove(self, session):
# 广播用户离开
Room.remove(self, session)
self.broadcast((session.name + ‘ has left the room.\n‘).encode("utf-8"))
def do_say(self, session, line):
# 客户端发送消息
self.broadcast((session.name + ‘: ‘ + line + ‘\n‘).encode("utf-8"))
def do_look(self, session, line):
# 查看在线用户
session.push(b‘Online Users:\n‘)
for other in self.sessions:
session.push((other.name + ‘\n‘).encode("utf-8"))
在server.py的最下民输入如下代码，启动server端。
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
s = ChatServer(PORT)
try:
print("chat serve run at ‘127.0.0.1:{0}‘".format(PORT))
asyncore.loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("chat server exit")
三.客户端
完成了服务器端后，就需要实现客户端了。客户端将基于 wxPython 模块实现。
wxPython 模块是 wxWidgets GUI 工具的
Python 绑定。所以通过
wxPython 模块我们就可以实现
GUI 编程了。同时我们的聊天协议基于文本，所以我们和服务器之间的通信将基于 telnetlib 模块实现。代码如下：
import telnetlib,wx
from time import sleep
import _thread as thread
class LoginFrame(wx.Frame):
"""
登录窗口
"""
def __init__(self, parent, id, title, size):
# 初始化，添加控件并绑定事件
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title)
self.SetSize(size)
self.Center()
self.serverAddressLabel = wx.StaticText(self, label="Server Address", pos=(10, 50), size=(120, 25))
self.userNameLabel = wx.StaticText(self, label="UserName", pos=(40, 100), size=(120, 25))
self.serverAddress = wx.TextCtrl(self, pos=(120, 47), size=(150, 25))
self.userName = wx.TextCtrl(self, pos=(120, 97), size=(150, 25))
self.loginButton = wx.Button(self, label=‘Login‘, pos=(80, 145), size=(130, 30))
# 绑定登录方法
self.loginButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.login)
self.Show()
def login(self, event):
# 登录处理
try:
serverAddress = self.serverAddress.GetLineText(0).split(‘:‘)
con.open(serverAddress[0], port=int(serverAddress[1]), timeout=10)
response = con.read_some()
if response != b‘Connect Success‘:
self.showDialog(‘Error‘, ‘Connect Fail!‘, (200, 100))
return
con.write((‘login ‘ + str(self.userName.GetLineText(0)) + ‘\n‘).encode("utf-8"))
response = con.read_some()
if response == b‘UserName Empty‘:
self.showDialog(‘Error‘, ‘UserName Empty!‘, (200, 100))
elif response == b‘UserName Exist‘:
self.showDialog(‘Error‘, ‘UserName Exist!‘, (200, 100))
else:
self.Close()
ChatFrame(None, 2, title=‘ShiYanLou Chat Client‘, size=(500, 400))
except Exception:
self.showDialog(‘Error‘, ‘Connect Fail!‘, (95, 20))
def showDialog(self, title, content, size):
# 显示错误信息对话框
dialog = wx.Dialog(self, title=title, size=size)
dialog.Center()
wx.StaticText(dialog, label=content)
dialog.ShowModal()
class ChatFrame(wx.Frame):
"""
聊天窗口
"""
def __init__(self, parent, id, title, size):
# 初始化，添加控件并绑定事件
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title)
self.SetSize(size)
self.Center()
self.chatFrame = wx.TextCtrl(self, pos=(5, 5), size=(490, 310), style=wx.TE_MULTILINE | wx.TE_READONLY)
self.message = wx.TextCtrl(self, pos=(5, 320), size=(300, 25))
self.sendButton = wx.Button(self, label="Send", pos=(310, 320), size=(58, 25))
self.usersButton = wx.Button(self, label="Users", pos=(373, 320), size=(58, 25))
self.closeButton = wx.Button(self, label="Close", pos=(436, 320), size=(58, 25))
# 发送按钮绑定发送消息方法
self.sendButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.send)
# Users按钮绑定获取在线用户数量方法
self.usersButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.lookUsers)
# 关闭按钮绑定关闭方法
self.closeButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.close)
thread.start_new_thread(self.receive, ())
self.Show()
def send(self, event):
# 发送消息
message = str(self.message.GetLineText(0)).strip()
if message != ‘‘:
con.write((‘say ‘ + message + ‘\n‘).encode("utf-8"))
self.message.Clear()
def lookUsers(self, event):
# 查看当前在线用户
con.write(b‘look\n‘)
def close(self, event):
# 关闭窗口
con.write(b‘logout\n‘)
con.close()
self.Close()
def receive(self):
# 接受服务器的消息
while True:
sleep(0.6)
result = con.read_very_eager()
if result != ‘‘:
self.chatFrame.AppendText(result)
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
app = wx.App()
con = telnetlib.Telnet()
LoginFrame(None, -1, title="Login", size=(320, 250))
app.MainLoop()
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/wl443587/p/10462136.html
时间： 2024-07-28 23:31:34