第一部分：顺序图语法
（1）简单示例：你可以用->来绘制参与者之间传递的消息， 而不必显式地声明参与者。你也可以使用 --> 绘制一个虚线箭头。另外，你还能用 <- 和 <--，这不影响绘图，但可以提高可读性。 注意：仅适用于时序图，对于其它示意图，规则是不同的。
1 @startuml 2 Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request 3 Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response 4 5 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request 6 Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response 7 @enduml
（2）声明参与者：关键字 participant 用于改变参与者的先后顺序。
你也可以使用其它关键字来声明参与者：
actorboundarycontrolentitydatabase
1 @startuml 2 actor Foo1 3 boundary Foo2 4 control Foo3 5 entity Foo4 6 database Foo5 7 collections Foo6 8 Foo1 -> Foo2 : To boundary 9 Foo1 -> Foo3 : To control 10 Foo1 -> Foo4 : To entity 11 Foo1 -> Foo5 : To database 12 Foo1 -> Foo6 : To collections 13 14 @enduml
1 @startuml 2 actor Bob #red 3 ‘ The only difference between actor 4 ‘and participant is the drawing 5 participant Alice 6 participant "I have a really\nlong name" as L #99FF99 7 /‘ You can also declare: 8 participant L as "I have a really\nlong name" #99FF99 9 ‘/ 10 11 Alice->Bob: Authentication Request 12 Bob->Alice: Authentication Response 13 Bob->L: Log transaction 14 @enduml
您可以使用关键字 order自定义顺序来打印参与者。
1 @startuml 2 participant Last order 30 3 participant Middle order 20 4 participant First order 10 5 @enduml
（3）在参与者中使用非字母符号：你可以使用引号定义参与者，还可以用关键字 as 给参与者定义别名。
1 @startuml 2 Alice -> "Bob()" : Hello 3 "Bob()" -> "This is very\nlong" as Long 4 ‘ You can also declare: 5 ‘ "Bob()" -> Long as "This is very\nlong" 6 Long --> "Bob()" : ok 7 @enduml
（4）给自己发消息：参与者可以给自己发信息，消息文字可以用\n来换行。
1 @startuml 2 Alice->Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext 3 @enduml
（5）修改箭头样式：修改箭头样式的方式有以下几种:
- 表示一条丢失的消息：末尾加
x - 让箭头只有上半部分或者下半部分：将
<和>替换成\或者/ - 细箭头：将箭头标记写两次 (如
>>或//) - 虚线箭头：用
--替代- - 箭头末尾加圈：
->o - 双向箭头：
<->
1 @startuml 2 Bob ->x Alice 3 Bob -> Alice 4 Bob ->> Alice 5 Bob -\ Alice 6 Bob \\- Alice 7 Bob //-- Alice 8 9 Bob ->o Alice 10 Bob o\\-- Alice 11 12 Bob <-> Alice 13 Bob <->o Alice 14 @enduml
（6）对消息序列编号：关键字 autonumber 用于自动对消息编号。语句 autonumber start 用于指定编号的初始值，而 autonumber startincrement 可以同时指定编号的初始值和每次增加的值。
1 @startuml 2 autonumber 3 Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request 4 Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response 5 @enduml
1 @startuml 2 autonumber 3 Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request 4 Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response 5 6 autonumber 15 7 Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request 8 Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response 9 10 autonumber 40 10 11 Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request 12 Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response 13 14 @enduml
1 @startuml 2 autonumber "<b>[000]" 3 Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request 4 Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response 5 6 autonumber 15 "<b>(<u>##</u>)" 7 Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request 8 Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response 9 10 autonumber 40 10 "<font color=red><b>Message 0 " 11 Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request 12 Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response 13 14 @enduml
1 @startuml 2 autonumber 10 10 "<b>[000]" 3 Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request 4 Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response 5 6 autonumber stop 7 Bob -> Alice : dummy 8 9 autonumber resume "<font color=red><b>Message 0 " 10 Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request 11 Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response 12 13 autonumber stop 14 Bob -> Alice : dummy 15 16 autonumber resume 1 "<font color=blue><b>Message 0 " 17 Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request 18 Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response 19 @enduml
（7）组合消息：我们可以通过以下关键词将组合消息：
alt/elseoptloopparbreakcriticalgroup, 后面紧跟着消息内容
可以在标头(header)添加需要显示的文字(group除外)。关键词 end 用来结束分组。注意，分组可以嵌套使用。
1 @startuml 2 Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request 3 4 alt successful case 5 6 Bob -> Alice: Authentication Accepted 7 8 else some kind of failure 9 10 Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure 11 group My own label 12 Alice -> Log : Log attack start 13 loop 1000 times 14 Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack 15 end 16 Alice -> Log : Log attack end 17 end 18 19 else Another type of failure 20 21 Bob -> Alice: Please repeat 22 23 end 24 @enduml
（8）给消息添加注释：我们可以通过在消息后面添加 note left 或者 note right 关键词来给消息添加注释。你也可以通过使用 end note 来添加多行注释。
1 @startuml 2 Alice->Bob : hello 3 note left: this is a first note 4 5 Bob->Alice : ok 6 note right: this is another note 7 8 Bob->Bob : I am thinking 9 note left 10 a note 11 can also be defined 12 on several lines 13 end note 14 @enduml
（9）Creole和HTML：
1 @startuml 2 participant Alice 3 participant "The **Famous** Bob" as Bob 4 5 Alice -> Bob : hello --there-- 6 ... Some ~~long delay~~ ... 7 Bob -> Alice : ok 8 note left 9 This is **bold** 10 This is //italics// 11 This is ""monospaced"" 12 This is --stroked-- 13 This is __underlined__ 14 This is ~~waved~~ 15 end note 16 17 Alice -> Bob : A //well formatted// message 18 note right of Alice 19 This is <back:cadetblue><size:18>displayed</size></back> 20 __left of__ Alice. 21 end note 22 note left of Bob 23 <u:red>This</u> is <color #118888>displayed</color> 24 **<color purple>left of</color> <s:red>Alice</strike> Bob**. 25 end note 26 note over Alice, Bob 27 <w:#FF33FF>This is hosted</w> by <img sourceforge.jpg> 28 end note 29 @enduml
（10）分隔符：你可以通过使用 == 关键词来将你的图表分割多个步骤。
1 @startuml 2 3 == Initialization == 4 5 Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request 6 Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response 7 8 == Repetition == 9 10 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request 11 Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response 12 13 @enduml
（11）生命线的激活与撤销：关键字activate和deactivate用来表示参与者的生命活动。一旦参与者被激活，它的生命线就会显示出来。activate和deactivate适用于以上情形。destroy表示一个参与者的生命线的终结。
1 @startuml 2 participant User 3 4 User -> A: DoWork 5 activate A 6 7 A -> B: << createRequest >> 8 activate B 9 10 B -> C: DoWork 11 activate C 12 C --> B: WorkDone 13 destroy C 14 15 B --> A: RequestCreated 16 deactivate B 17 18 A -> User: Done 19 deactivate A 20 21 @enduml
1 @startuml 2 participant User 3 4 User -> A: DoWork 5 activate A #FFBBBB 6 7 A -> A: Internal call 8 activate A #DarkSalmon 9 10 A -> B: << createRequest >> 11 activate B 12 13 B --> A: RequestCreated 14 deactivate B 15 deactivate A 16 A -> User: Done 17 deactivate A 18 19 @enduml
（12）进入和发出消息：如果只想关注部分图示，你可以使用进入和发出箭头。使用方括号[和]表示图示的左、右两侧。
1 @startuml 2 [-> A: DoWork 3 4 activate A 5 6 A -> A: Internal call 7 activate A 8 9 A ->] : << createRequest >> 10 11 A<--] : RequestCreated 12 deactivate A 13 [<- A: Done 14 deactivate A 15 @enduml
1 @startuml 2 [-> Bob 3 [o-> Bob 4 [o->o Bob 5 [x-> Bob 6 7 [<- Bob 8 [x<- Bob 9 10 Bob ->] 11 Bob ->o] 12 Bob o->o] 13 Bob ->x] 14 15 Bob <-] 16 Bob x<-] 17 @enduml
（13）构造类型和圈点：可以使用<<和>>给参与者添加构造类型。在构造类型中，你可以使用(X,color)格式的语法添加一个圆圈圈起来的字符。
1 @startuml 2 3 participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >> 4 participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >> 5 6 Bob->Alice: First message 7 8 @enduml
1 @startuml 2 3 skinparam guillemet false 4 participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >> 5 participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >> 6 7 Bob->Alice: First message 8 9 @enduml
（14）更多标题信息：在标题描述中使用\n表示换行。还可以使用关键字title和end title定义多行标题。
1 @startuml 2 3 title __Simple__ communication example\non several lines 4 5 Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request 6 Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response 7 8 @enduml
1 @startuml 2 3 title 4 <u>Simple</u> communication example 5 on <i>several</i> lines and using <font color=red>html</font> 6 This is hosted by <img:sourceforge.jpg> 7 end title 8 9 Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request 10 Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response 11 12 @enduml
（15）包裹参与者：可以使用box和end box画一个盒子将参与者包裹起来。还可以在box关键字之后添加标题或者背景颜色。
1 @startuml 2 3 box "Internal Service" #LightBlue 4 participant Bob 5 participant Alice 6 end box 7 participant Other 8 9 Bob -> Alice : hello 10 Alice -> Other : hello 11 12 @enduml
（16）移除脚注：使用hide footbox关键字移除脚注。
1 @startuml 2 3 hide footbox 4 title Footer removed 5 6 Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request 7 Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response 8 9 @enduml
（17）外观参数(skinparam)：
1 @startuml 2 skinparam sequenceArrowThickness 2 3 skinparam roundcorner 20 4 skinparam maxmessagesize 60 5 skinparam sequenceParticipant underline 6 7 actor User 8 participant "First Class" as A 9 participant "Second Class" as B 10 participant "Last Class" as C 11 12 User -> A: DoWork 13 activate A 14 15 A -> B: Create Request 16 activate B 17 18 B -> C: DoWork 19 activate C 20 C --> B: WorkDone 21 destroy C 22 23 B --> A: Request Created 24 deactivate B 25 26 A --> User: Done 27 deactivate A 28 29 @enduml
1 @startuml
2 skinparam backgroundColor #EEEBDC
3 skinparam handwritten true
4
5 skinparam sequence {
6 ArrowColor DeepSkyBlue
7 ActorBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
8 LifeLineBorderColor blue
9 LifeLineBackgroundColor #A9DCDF
10
11 ParticipantBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
12 ParticipantBackgroundColor DodgerBlue
13 ParticipantFontName Impact
14 ParticipantFontSize 17
15 ParticipantFontColor #A9DCDF
16
17 ActorBackgroundColor aqua
18 ActorFontColor DeepSkyBlue
19 ActorFontSize 17
20 ActorFontName Aapex
21 }
22
23 actor User
24 participant "First Class" as A
25 participant "Second Class" as B
26 participant "Last Class" as C
27
28 User -> A: DoWork
29 activate A
30
31 A -> B: Create Request
32 activate B
33
34 B -> C: DoWork
35 activate C
36 C --> B: WorkDone
37 destroy C
38
39 B --> A: Request Created
40 deactivate B
41
42 A --> User: Done
43 deactivate A
44
45 @enduml
（18）填充区设置：可以设定填充区的参数配置。
1 @startuml 2 skinparam ParticipantPadding 20 3 skinparam BoxPadding 10 4 5 box "Foo1" 6 participant Alice1 7 participant Alice2 8 end box 9 box "Foo2" 10 participant Bob1 11 participant Bob2 12 end box 13 Alice1 -> Bob1 : hello 14 Alice1 -> Out : out 15 @enduml
第二部分：《工厂采购》系统对象交互顺序
- 采购员选择订货货品。
- 到达订货界面，开始接收客户信息，接收货品信息，显示货品信息。
- 到达订货管理器，创建客户，取货品信息，创建订单。
- 创建客户到达客户区。
- 取货品信息到达货品区。
- 创建订单到订单区。
第三部分：《工厂采购》系统顺序图
1 @startuml 2 skinparam sequenceArrowThickness 2 3 skinparam roundcorner 20 4 skinparam maxmessagesize 60 5 skinparam sequenceParticipant underline 6 7 actor 采购员 8 participant "订货界面" as A 9 participant "订货管理器" as B 10 participant "客户" as C 11 participant "货品" as D 12 participant "订单" as E 13 14 采购员 -> A: 客户信息（） 15 activate A 16 采购员 -> A: 选择订货货品（） 17 activate A 18 19 A -> B:接收客户信息（） 20 activate B 21 A -> B:接收货品信息（） 22 activate B 23 B --> A: 显示货品信息（） 24 deactivate B 25 26 B -> C: 创建客户（）<<create>> 27 activate C 28 B -> D: 取货品信息（） 29 activate D 30 D --> B: 货品信息（） 31 activate D 32 B -> E: 创建订单（）<<create>> 33 activate E 34 @enduml
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Lilith404/p/10800184.html
时间： 2024-11-06 00:06:12