1 characterize 使具有特点v eg. This election campaign has been characterized by violence.暴力行为已成为这次竞选活动的一大特点。
描述，描绘v eg. Both companies have characterized the relationship as friendly.两家公司都认为彼此之间关系友好。
2 commit to 把...托付给 eg. I commit this evil book to the flames.我把这本坏书付之一炬
对...作出承诺，致力于 eg. I have committed myself to the club tonight.我已经答应今晚去俱乐部
把...固定在 eg. The actor committed the part to memory.
- 那个演员把角色牢牢记住。
3 in any case不管怎样 in general一般而言，总的来说
4 persist 继续存在v eg. Contact your doctor if the cough persists.如果还是咳嗽就去看医生。
顽强坚持v eg. He urged the United States to persist with its efforts to bring about peace.他敦促美国继续进行和平斡旋。
5 disadvantaged 贫穷的，社会地位低下的 take advantage of利用
6 immoral不道德的,邪恶的 eg. It is my belief that nuclear weapons are immoral.我相信核武器是邪恶的
7 shiftless 懒惰的，无能的，不思上进的adj eg. He lives in a shiftless way.他过着得过且过的日子。
8 worthy 值得...的，应该获得的 eg. I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖. eg. I hope he was worthy of her.我希望他配得上她。
值得尊重的，可敬的 eg. They thought the feminist label was too worthy.他们觉得女权主义者这个称谓太抬举她们了。
9 retrain 再培训v eg. Union leaders have called upon the government to help retrain workers.工会领导人已经呼吁政府帮助对工人进行再培训。
10 exclusively 专有地，完全地adj eg. Instruction in these subjects in undergraduate classes is almost exclusively by lecture.本科生的这几门课程几乎完全是通过讲座教授的
11 think ahead 考虑将来，想的长远 a year from now 一年之后
12 observation 观察，观察力，评论
13 skyrocket猛涨v eg. Production has dropped while prices and unemployment have skyrocketed.物价和失业率猛涨的同时，生产却下降了
14 heartbreak 心碎，极度伤心n eg. suffering and heartbreak for those who close to the victims那些受害者亲人的痛苦和伤心
15 misery 痛苦，贫穷n eg. A tiny,educated elite profited from the misery of their two million fellow countrymen一小撮受过良好教育的精英分子从他们200万同胞的贫苦生活中获取利益。
爱抱怨的人n I’m not such a misery now.我现在已经不喜欢抱怨了
16 dramatic 急剧的 eg. A fifth year of drought is expected to have dramatic effects on California economy.第五年遭受旱灾预计会对加利福尼亚的经济产生巨大的影响。
引人注目的；戏剧的
8 fancy 想要，想象，喜欢，以为v eg. She fancied he was trying to hide a smile.她猜想他正在尽力掩饰笑容。
eg. What do you fancy doing,anyway?你到底想干什么？
设想，想象力，喜好n eg. The King took a fancy to ordering disguises and masks.国王迷上了订购化装用品和面具。
高档的，花哨的adj
9 comparative 相对的 adj eg. The task was accomplished with camparative ease.相对而言，任务完成得比较轻松
比较的 eg. A comparative study of the dietary practices of people from various regions of India.对印度各地区的人饮食习惯的比较研究
10 garget 小器具，小玩意n eg. The latest gadget for the technology obsessed; pocket-sized computers that you write on with a pen.面向科技发烧友的最新玩意儿：可在上面用笔书写的袖珍电脑