google 一下 struts2、unit test，大概會出現「Struts 2 JUnit Plugin」，用它來做單元測試當然沒問題，但是，現在的人寫 JavaEE 誰不用 spring ? 既然已經是 spring + struts2，就不用那麼麻煩了! 這裡舉個簡單的例子，這是一個查詢特定選區各候選人得票統計的小程式，執行出來的畫面如下:
source code 已經放在 https://github.com/twleader/DemoSite/tree/master/MVCSite，有興趣的可以下載來看看。
針對程式裡的 AreaResultAction，我們應該如何進行單元測試? 說明如下:
- AreaResultAction.java
說明前，當然先看一下程式碼…
1 package idv.steven.demo.action;
2
3 import java.util.ArrayList;
4 import java.util.List;
5 import java.util.Map;
6 import java.util.TreeMap;
7
8 import idv.steven.demo.dao.CandidateDAO;
9 import idv.steven.demo.dao.ElectionDAO;
10 import idv.steven.demo.dto.Candidate;
11 import idv.steven.demo.dto.Election;
12
13 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
14 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
15 import org.slf4j.Logger;
16 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
17 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
18 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
19
20 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
21
22 @Controller
23 public class AreaResultAction extends ActionSupport {
24 private static final long serialVersionUID = -213699129575326012L;
25 final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AreaResultAction.class);
26
27 @Autowired
28 private ElectionDAO electionDAO;
29
30 @Autowired
31 private CandidateDAO candidateDAO;
32
33 private Map<String, String> electionList = new TreeMap<String, String>();
34 private Map<String, String> cityNameList = new TreeMap<String, String>();
35 private Map<String, String> areaNameList = new TreeMap<String, String>();
36 private List<Candidate> candidateList = new ArrayList<Candidate>();
37
38 private String electionID;
39 private String cityName;
40 private String areaName;
41
42 /**
43 * 將網頁導向「AreaResult.jsp」(「選區投票結果查詢」網頁)
44 */
45 @Action(value = "/areaResult", results = { @Result(location = "/jsp/AreaResult.jsp", name = "success") })
46 public String execute() throws Exception {
47 return SUCCESS;
48 }
49
50 /**
51 * 將查詢結果顯示在 Grid
52 * @return
53 */
54 @Action(value = "/showAreaResult", results = { @Result(location = "/jsp/AreaResultGrid.jsp", name = "success") })
55 public String showAreaResult() {
56 return SUCCESS;
57 }
58
59 /**
60 * 傳回選舉場次
61 * @return
62 */
63 @Action(value = "/findElection", results = { @Result(name = "input", type = "json") })
64 public String findElection() {
65 List<Election> list = electionDAO.findAll();
66 for(Election item:list) {
67 electionList.put(item.getId(), item.getName());
68 }
69
70 return INPUT;
71 }
72
73 /**
74 * 傳回縣市
75 * @return
76 */
77 @Action(value = "/findCityName", results = { @Result(name = "input", type = "json") })
78 public String findCityName() {
79 List<String> list = candidateDAO.findCityName(electionID);
80 for(String item:list) {
81 cityNameList.put(item, item);
82 }
83
84 return INPUT;
85 }
86
87 /**
88 * 傳回選區
89 * @return
90 */
91 @Action(value = "/findAreaName", results = { @Result(name = "input", type = "json") })
92 public String findAreaName() {
93 List<String> list = candidateDAO.findAreaName(electionID, cityName);
94 for(String item:list) {
95 areaNameList.put(item, item);
96 }
97
98 return INPUT;
99 }
100
101 @Action(value = "/findCandidate", results = { @Result(name = "input", type = "json") })
102 public String findCandidate() {
103 candidateList = candidateDAO.findCandidate(electionID, cityName, areaName);
104
105 return INPUT;
106 }
107
108 //由網頁中取值
109 public Map<String, String> getElectionList() {
110 return electionList;
111 }
112
113 public Map<String, String> getCityNameList() {
114 return cityNameList;
115 }
116
117 public Map<String, String> getAreaNameList() {
118 return areaNameList;
119 }
120
121 public List<Candidate> getCandidateList() {
122 return candidateList;
123 }
124
125 //網頁 submit 時傳值過來
126 public void setElectionID(String electionID) {
127 this.electionID = electionID;
128 }
129
130 public void setCityName(String cityName) {
131 this.cityName = cityName;
132 }
133
134 public void setAreaName(String areaName) {
135 this.areaName = areaName;
136 }
137
138 }
程式中的 findAreaName 是底下單元測試要測試的項目，至於 @Controller，其實並不是必要的，但是，加上去會有好處，加上之後，然後在 spring 設定檔中，透過 component-scan 讓它可以被 spring 自動載入。
<context:component-scan base-package="idv.steven.demo.dto,idv.steven.demo.action" />
上方的綠色部份，即是 struts action 所在的 package，全部的 action class 前都加上 @Controller 即可。
- 單元測試
1 package idv.steven.demo.action;
2
3 import static org.junit.Assert.*;
4
5 import java.util.Map;
6
7 import org.junit.After;
8 import org.junit.Before;
9 import org.junit.Test;
10 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
11 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
12 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
13 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
14
15 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
16
17 @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:beans-config.xml"})
18 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
19 public class AreaResultActionTest {
20 @Autowired
21 private AreaResultAction action;
22
23 @Before
24 public void setUp() throws Exception {
25
26 }
27
28 @After
29 public void tearDown() throws Exception {
30 }
31
32 @Test
33 public void testFindAreaName() throws Exception {
34 action.setElectionID("201201");
35 action.setCityName("高雄市");
36 String result = action.findAreaName();
37 assertEquals(ActionSupport.INPUT, result);
38
39 Map<String, String> map = action.getAreaNameList();
40 assertEquals(9, map.size());
41 }
42 }
上面是單元測試程式，測試 findAreaName 是否可以傳回預期的值，從程式碼可以看到，完全看不出是 web 程式，反正就用一般的 java class 的思考模式進行測試，line 34、35 將需要的參數傳入，然後執行要測試的 method (line 36)，之後檢查傳回的結果是否正確! (line 37、40) 至於紅色部份就是前面強調的，在 action class 前加上 @Controller，在這裡就可以很方便的讓 spring 幫我們初始化並載入這個 class。
时间： 2024-10-25 06:43:37