本文打算将蓝牙适配器和手机蓝牙进行配对。
买了个支持蓝牙4.0协议的蓝牙适配器，将其插入到pc（debian 7.4）的usb口。
查看手机蓝牙信息：
选择手机中"设置"->"关于手机"->"状态信息"可以看到蓝牙地址是18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A
pc上安装蓝牙工具：
sudo apt-get install bluez bluez-hcidump
查看系统输出信息：
$ dmesg | tail -n 4 [25259.408121] usb 1-1.2: new full-speed USB device number 32 using ehci_hcd [25259.614615] usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=0a12, idProduct=0001 [25259.614621] usb 1-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 [25259.614626] usb 1-1.2: Product: CSR8510 A10
查看蓝牙适配器设备信息：
$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 1a40:0101 Terminus Technology Inc. 4-Port HUB
Bus 001 Device 031: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode)
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 046d:c05a Logitech, Inc. Optical Mouse M90
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 413c:2003 Dell Computer Corp. Keyboard
$ lsusb -s 001:031 -v
Bus 001 Device 031: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode)
Couldn‘t open device, some information will be missing
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 2.00
bDeviceClass 224 Wireless
bDeviceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
bDeviceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
bMaxPacketSize0 64
idVendor 0x0a12 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd
idProduct 0x0001 Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode)
bcdDevice 88.91
iManufacturer 0
iProduct 2
iSerial 0
bNumConfigurations 1
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 177
bNumInterfaces 2
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 0
bmAttributes 0xe0
Self Powered
Remote Wakeup
MaxPower 100mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 3
bInterfaceClass 224 Wireless
bInterfaceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
bInterfaceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 3
Transfer Type Interrupt
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0010 1x 16 bytes
bInterval 1
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes
bInterval 1
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes
bInterval 1
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 1
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 224 Wireless
bInterfaceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
bInterfaceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x03 EP 3 OUT
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0000 1x 0 bytes
bInterval 1
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0000 1x 0 bytes
bInterval 1
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 1
bAlternateSetting 1
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 224 Wireless
bInterfaceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
bInterfaceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x03 EP 3 OUT
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0009 1x 9 bytes
bInterval 1
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0009 1x 9 bytes
bInterval 1
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 1
bAlternateSetting 2
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 224 Wireless
bInterfaceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
bInterfaceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x03 EP 3 OUT
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0011 1x 17 bytes
bInterval 1
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0011 1x 17 bytes
bInterval 1
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 1
bAlternateSetting 3
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 224 Wireless
bInterfaceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
bInterfaceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x03 EP 3 OUT
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0019 1x 25 bytes
bInterval 1
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0019 1x 25 bytes
bInterval 1
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 1
bAlternateSetting 4
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 224 Wireless
bInterfaceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
bInterfaceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x03 EP 3 OUT
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0021 1x 33 bytes
bInterval 1
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0021 1x 33 bytes
bInterval 1
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 1
bAlternateSetting 5
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 224 Wireless
bInterfaceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
bInterfaceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x03 EP 3 OUT
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0031 1x 49 bytes
bInterval 1
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 1
Transfer Type Isochronous
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0031 1x 49 bytes
bInterval 1
安装bluez后，会提供两个工具hciconfig和hcitool进行蓝牙相关的配置。
查看当前蓝牙适配器参数配置：
$ sudo hciconfig -a
hci0: Type: BR/EDR Bus: USB
BD Address: 00:1A:7D:DA:71:13 ACL MTU: 310:10 SCO MTU: 64:8
UP RUNNING PSCAN
RX bytes:3639 acl:0 sco:0 events:169 errors:0
TX bytes:745 acl:0 sco:0 commands:47 errors:0
Features: 0xff 0xff 0x8f 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x5b 0x87
Packet type: DM1 DM3 DM5 DH1 DH3 DH5 HV1 HV2 HV3
Link policy: RSWITCH HOLD SNIFF PARK
Link mode: SLAVE ACCEPT
Name: ‘debian-0‘
Class: 0x420100
Service Classes: Networking, Telephony
Device Class: Computer, Uncategorized
HCI Version: 4.0 (0x6) Revision: 0x22bb
LMP Version: 4.0 (0x6) Subversion: 0x22bb
Manufacturer: Cambridge Silicon Radio (10)
蓝牙适配器的mac地址是: 00:1A:7D:DA:71:13,名称是debian-0。
查看蓝牙适配器提供的各种功能：
$ sdptool browse local
Browsing FF:FF:FF:00:00:00 ...
Service Name: SIM Access Server
Service RecHandle: 0x10000
Service Class ID List:
"SIM Access" (0x112d)
"Generic Telephony" (0x1204)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 8
Profile Descriptor List:
"SIM Access" (0x112d)
Version: 0x0101
Service Name: Headset Audio Gateway
Service RecHandle: 0x10001
Service Class ID List:
"Headset Audio Gateway" (0x1112)
"Generic Audio" (0x1203)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 12
Profile Descriptor List:
"Headset" (0x1108)
Version: 0x0102
Service Name: Hands-Free Audio Gateway
Service RecHandle: 0x10002
Service Class ID List:
"Handsfree Audio Gateway" (0x111f)
"Generic Audio" (0x1203)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 13
Profile Descriptor List:
"Handsfree" (0x111e)
Version: 0x0105
Service Name: AVRCP TG
Service RecHandle: 0x10003
Service Class ID List:
"AV Remote Target" (0x110c)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
PSM: 23
"AVCTP" (0x0017)
uint16: 0x103
Profile Descriptor List:
"AV Remote" (0x110e)
Version: 0x0103
Service Name: AVRCP CT
Service RecHandle: 0x10004
Service Class ID List:
"AV Remote" (0x110e)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
PSM: 23
"AVCTP" (0x0017)
uint16: 0x103
Profile Descriptor List:
"AV Remote" (0x110e)
Version: 0x0100
Service Name: Dial-Up Networking
Service RecHandle: 0x10005
Service Class ID List:
"Dialup Networking" (0x1103)
"Generic Networking" (0x1201)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 1
Profile Descriptor List:
"Dialup Networking" (0x1103)
Version: 0x0100
Service Name: OBEX Object Push
Service RecHandle: 0x10006
Service Class ID List:
"OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 9
"OBEX" (0x0008)
Profile Descriptor List:
"OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)
Version: 0x0100
Service Name: OBEX File Transfer
Service RecHandle: 0x10007
Service Class ID List:
"OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 10
"OBEX" (0x0008)
Profile Descriptor List:
"OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)
Version: 0x0100
扫描蓝牙设备：
$ hcitool scan
Scanning ...
C4:17:FE:F6:65:FF PC-201209031236
CC:52:AF:4F:52:16 HR-6F1397D64651
18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A Coolpad 8297
使用hcitool获取手机蓝牙信息：
$ hcitool name 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A
Coolpad 8297
$ sudo hcitool info 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A
Requesting information ...
BD Address: 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A
Device Name: Coolpad 8297
LMP Version: 4.0 (0x6) LMP Subversion: 0x0
Manufacturer: MediaTek, Inc. (70)
Features page 0: 0xbf 0x3e 0x8d 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x5b 0x87
<3-slot packets> <5-slot packets> <encryption> <slot offset>
<timing accuracy> <role switch> <sniff mode> <RSSI>
<channel quality> <SCO link> <HV2 packets> <HV3 packets>
<CVSD> <power control> <transparent SCO> <broadcast encrypt>
<EDR ACL 2 Mbps> <EDR ACL 3 Mbps> <enhanced iscan>
<interlaced iscan> <interlaced pscan> <inquiry with RSSI>
<extended SCO> <EV4 packets> <EV5 packets> <AFH cap. slave>
<AFH class. slave> <LE support> <3-slot EDR ACL>
<5-slot EDR ACL> <sniff subrating> <pause encryption>
<AFH cap. master> <AFH class. master> <EDR eSCO 2 Mbps>
<EDR eSCO 3 Mbps> <3-slot EDR eSCO> <extended inquiry>
<LE and BR/EDR> <simple pairing> <encapsulated PDU>
<non-flush flag> <LSTO> <inquiry TX power> <EPC>
<extended features>
Features page 1: 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
Features page 2: 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
配置蓝牙适配器使得能被其他设备搜索到:
$ sudo hciconfig hci0 iscan
这时在手机中搜索蓝牙设备可以搜索到"debian-0"，但是使用手机配对时提示“PIN或者配对密钥不正确，无法和debian-0进行配对"。
在执行下面几条命令：
$ sudo hciconfig hci0 pscan $ sudo hciconfig hci0 noencrypt $ sudo hciconfig hci0 noauth
然后在手机里可以对"debian-0"配对即可配对成功。
此时可以在pc上执行l2ping命令 ：
[email protected]:~$ sudo l2ping -c 3 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A [sudo] password for host: Ping: 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A from 00:1A:7D:DA:71:13 (data size 44) ... 44 bytes from 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A id 0 time 15.00ms 44 bytes from 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A id 1 time 26.16ms 44 bytes from 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A id 2 time 26.14ms 3 sent, 3 received, 0% loss
如果不使用上面的hciconfig命令来进行配置，也可以使用blueman或者gnome-bluetooth来配置蓝牙，安装这些工具：
sudo apt-get install blueman gnome-bluetooth
这两个工具都是图形化界面，使用起来相当方便，只是需要从手机端发起配对请求，然后在pc端和手机端分别进行确认即完成配对。
然后可以在pc端用蓝牙来向手机发送文件。
上面这两种情况下都是在手机端发起配对请求，之后也只是能通过蓝牙发文件。
但我希望能够使用bluez系列工具中提供的命令行工具从pc端发起配对请求，以便于以后将蓝牙适配器用到嵌入式开发板上。
参考《在linux下蓝牙使用rfcomm连接》 、《BluetoothUser》以及《Bluetooth_Mouse》进行操作，但都没成功，
这是因为我使用的bluez版本是4.99,没有bluez5中的bluetoothctl工具，也没有bluez4中的hidd工具，也没有常用的bluez3中的/etc/bluetooth/hcid.conf配置文件,
进行配对时总是会因为pin或者key的问题而导致配对失败，导致网络上大部分教程都不适用于这个版本。
最终我选用了另一种方式，先从手机来对蓝牙设备进行配对，然后将其模式修改成master,再从pc下执行命令就可以了。
首先配置rfcomm,修改/etc/bluetooth/rfcomm.conf（其实我不确定是否需要该配置，只是在参考网络文章时修改了这个配置文件）：
[email protected]:~$ cat /etc/bluetooth/rfcomm.conf
#
# RFCOMM configuration file.
#
rfcomm0 {
# Automatically bind the device at startup
bind no;
# Bluetooth address of the device
device 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A;
# RFCOMM channel for the connection
channel 1;
# Description of the connection
comment "Example Bluetooth device";
}
重启蓝牙服务：
sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart
可以使用hcidump（类似于tcpdump工具能够打印bluez中每步都执行了什么功能，可以用于调试）：
sudo hcidump -Xt
按照前面的步骤从手机来对蓝牙适配器进行配对，可以配对成功。
查看hci0（类似于网卡的eth0接口）的连接模式(link mode,可以是master或者slave):
$ sudo hciconfig hci0 lm
hci0: Type: BR/EDR Bus: USB
BD Address: 00:1A:7D:DA:71:13 ACL MTU: 310:10 SCO MTU: 64:8
Link mode: SLAVE ACCEPT
将其连接模式从SLAVE修改为master：
sudo hciconfig hci0 lm master
这时查看连接模式：
$ sudo hciconfig hci0 lm
[sudo] password for host:
hci0: Type: BR/EDR Bus: USB
BD Address: 00:1A:7D:DA:71:13 ACL MTU: 310:10 SCO MTU: 64:8
Link mode: MASTER
已经将link mode修改为master模式。
使用rfcomm来连接手机蓝牙设备：
$ sudo rfcomm connect hci0 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A Connected /dev/rfcomm0 to 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A on channel 1 Press CTRL-C for hangup
连接成功，查看连接信息：
$ sudo hcitool con
Connections:
< ACL 18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A handle 72 state 1 lm MASTER AUTH ENCRYPT
可以执行hcitool中的cmd命令，例如下面的命令将当前设备的名称改成"ABCD"：
$ sudo hcitool cmd 0x03 0x0013 0x41 0x42 0x43 0x44 < HCI Command: ogf 0x03, ocf 0x0013, plen 4 41 42 43 44 > HCI Event: 0x0e plen 4 01 13 0C 00
此时在hcidump对应窗口显示下面的信息：
2014-06-18 15:04:22.929405 < HCI Command: Write Local Name (0x03|0x0013) plen 4
name ‘ABCDBCD‘
2014-06-18 15:04:22.930381 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
Write Local Name (0x03|0x0013) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2014-06-18 15:04:22.930474 < HCI Command: Read Local Name (0x03|0x0014) plen 0
2014-06-18 15:04:22.947378 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 252
Read Local Name (0x03|0x0014) ncmd 1
status 0x00 name ‘ABCD‘
使用hciconfig工具也可以查看到当前蓝牙适配器名称:
$ sudo hciconfig hci0 name
hci0: Type: BR/EDR Bus: USB
BD Address: 00:1A:7D:DA:71:13 ACL MTU: 310:10 SCO MTU: 64:8
Name: ‘ABCD‘
可以看到蓝牙适配器的名称已经被改成ABCD了。
还有其他很多命令都可以用hcitool hci0 cmd来进行配置，《利用 hcitool 通过hci 命令与芯片交互》中提供了其他的一些命令，感兴趣的话可以自己玩玩看。
也可以下载《蓝牙4.0规范》，从704-1103页有关于蓝牙命令的详细说明。
debian下蓝牙适配器的配置和使用
时间： 2024-10-13 02:04:40