学习express有几天了，记录一下内容也给入门的兄弟们一点提示。
想要解决的问题：
- node开发过程中自动重启服务器，无需每次都要运行node index.js启动服务器（nodemon)
- 使用ES6，ES7 编写代码，自动编译 使用import，export新特性。(babel)
- 使用express开发RESTFUL API，模块化开发。
- 学习postman中的提交内容方式。
- 利用mongoose中间件来实现model层映射。
- 利用body-parser中间件来实现提交内容解析。（multipart/form-data数据类型不支持，此种提交多用于form带file类型提交）
1. 开发环境
[email protected]
[email protected]
windows 10
portableGit
2. 搭建开发目录结构 (代码地址https://github.com/jingyinggong/expressjs_app1.git）
2.1 启动portableGit
2.2 cd /d/
2.3 mkdir web
2.4 在web目录下创建src目录和dist目录, 并创建相应文件
目录结构如下：
|-- dist
|-- .babelrc
|-- package.json
|-- postman.json
`-- src
|-- index.js
|-- models
| `-- user.js
`-- routes
|-- index.js
`-- user.js
2.5 在web目录下运行npm install
3. 填充目录文件内容
3.1 package.json
//package.json
{
"name": "app2",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "test for babel",
"main": "dist/index.js",
"scripts": {
"watch": "babel -w src/ -d dist/",
"build": "babel src/ -d dist/",
"serve": "babel -w src/ -d dist/ | nodemon --watch dist",
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
"author": "LoganGong",
"license": "MIT",
"devDependencies": {
"express": "latest",
"mongoose": "latest",
"lodash": "latest",
"eslint": "latest",
"body-parser": "latest",
"babel": "^6.23.0",
"babel-cli": "^6.26.0",
"babel-preset-env": "^1.7.0",
"babel-preset-stage-0": "^6.24.1",
"nodemon": "^1.17.5"
}
}
3.2 .babelrc
{
"presets": ["env", "stage-0"]
}
3.3 src/index.js
import Routes from ‘./routes‘;
import mongoose from ‘mongoose‘;
import express from ‘express‘; // call express
var app = express(); // define our app using express
mongoose.connect(‘mongodb://localhost:27017/chat‘);
var port = process.env.PORT || 8080; // set our port
var router = express.Router(); // get an instance of the express Router
router.use(function(req, res, next) {
console.log(‘Something is happening.‘);
next(); // make sure we go to the next routes and don‘t stop here
});
app.use(‘/api‘, Routes);
3.4 src/routes/index.js
import { Router } from ‘express‘;
import User from‘./user‘;
const router = Router();
router.use(‘/users‘, User);
exports = module.exports = router;
3.5 src/routes/user.js
import { Router } from ‘express‘;
import User from ‘../models/user‘;
var bodyParser = require(‘body-parser‘);
const router = Router();
router.use(bodyParser.json());
router.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
router.use(bodyParser.raw());
router.route(‘/‘).get((req, res) => {
User.find(function (err, users) {
if (err) res.send(err);
res.json(users);
});
}).post((req, res) => {
var user = new User(); // create a new instance of the Bear model
user.name = req.body.name; // set the bears name (comes from the request)
user.nickname = req.body.nickname;
user.gender = req.body.gender;
user.password = req.body.password;
user.role = req.body.role;
user.createdTime = new Date().getTime();
// save the bear and check for errors
user.save(function (err) {
if (err) res.send(err);
console.log(user);
res.json(user);
});
}).patch((req, res) => {
console.log(req.body);
User.updateMany({ gender: req.body.gender }, {nickname: req.body.nickname}, function (err, users) {
if (err) res.send(err);
res.json(users);
});
});
router.route(‘/:uid‘).get((req, res) => {
User.findById(req.params.uid, function (err, user) {
if (err) res.send(err);
res.json(user);
});
}).delete((req, res) => {
console.log(req.params.uid)
User.deleteOne({ _id: req.params.uid }, function (err, user) {
if (err) res.send(err);
console.log({"msg": req.params.uid + ‘ is deleted‘});
User.find(function (err, users) {
if (err) res.send(err);
res.json(users);
});
});
});
export default router;
3.7 src/models/user.js
import mongoose from ‘mongoose‘;
//console.log(mongoose);
var Schema = mongoose.Schema;
var UserSchema = new Schema({
name: String,
nickname: String,
gender: Number,
password: String,
createdTime: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
role: Number //1: admin 2: group owner, 3: normal user
});
export default mongoose.model(‘User‘, UserSchema);
3.7 postman.json
{
"info": {
"_postman_id": "5d769b8a-47b5-4242-92cf-fef3523bcda4",
"name": "express_app1_restful_api",
"schema": "https://schema.getpostman.com/json/collection/v2.1.0/collection.json"
},
"item": [
{
"name": "get user item",
"request": {
"method": "GET",
"header": [
{
"key": "Content-Type",
"value": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
}
],
"body": {
"mode": "urlencoded",
"urlencoded": [
{
"key": "name",
"value": "BearKing",
"description": "",
"type": "text"
}
]
},
"url": {
"raw": "http://localhost:8080/api/users/5b12581a3cb88b2eacb45b1c",
"protocol": "http",
"host": [
"localhost"
],
"port": "8080",
"path": [
"api",
"users",
"5b12581a3cb88b2eacb45b1c"
]
}
},
"response": []
},
{
"name": "delete user item",
"request": {
"method": "DELETE",
"header": [
{
"key": "Content-Type",
"value": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
}
],
"body": {
"mode": "urlencoded",
"urlencoded": [
{
"key": "name",
"value": "BearKing",
"description": "",
"type": "text"
}
]
},
"url": {
"raw": "http://localhost:8080/api/users/5b125ce2f0196b1b8097ea44",
"protocol": "http",
"host": [
"localhost"
],
"port": "8080",
"path": [
"api",
"users",
"5b125ce2f0196b1b8097ea44"
]
}
},
"response": []
},
{
"name": "add a user",
"request": {
"method": "POST",
"header": [
{
"key": "Content-Type",
"value": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
}
],
"body": {
"mode": "urlencoded",
"urlencoded": [
{
"key": "name",
"value": "张三2",
"type": "text",
"description": ""
},
{
"key": "nickname",
"value": "张三2",
"type": "text",
"description": ""
},
{
"key": "gender",
"value": "3",
"type": "text",
"description": ""
},
{
"key": "password",
"value": "1233",
"type": "text",
"description": ""
},
{
"key": "role",
"value": "22",
"type": "text",
"description": ""
}
]
},
"url": {
"raw": "http://localhost:8080/api/users",
"protocol": "http",
"host": [
"localhost"
],
"port": "8080",
"path": [
"api",
"users"
]
}
},
"response": []
},
{
"name": "get user list",
"request": {
"method": "GET",
"header": [
{
"key": "Content-Type",
"value": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
}
],
"body": {
"mode": "urlencoded",
"urlencoded": [
{
"key": "name",
"value": "BearKing",
"description": "",
"type": "text"
}
]
},
"url": {
"raw": "http://localhost:8080/api/users/",
"protocol": "http",
"host": [
"localhost"
],
"port": "8080",
"path": [
"api",
"users",
""
]
}
},
"response": []
},
{
"name": "update user list",
"request": {
"method": "PATCH",
"header": [
{
"key": "Content-Type",
"value": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
}
],
"body": {
"mode": "urlencoded",
"urlencoded": [
{
"key": "gender",
"value": "1",
"description": "",
"type": "text"
},
{
"key": "nickname",
"value": "shoott",
"description": "",
"type": "text"
}
]
},
"url": {
"raw": "http://localhost:8080/api/users/",
"protocol": "http",
"host": [
"localhost"
],
"port": "8080",
"path": [
"api",
"users",
""
]
}
},
"response": []
}
]
}
基本完成 express代码开发。
4. 安装mongodb
5. 启动mongodb
7. web目录下运行“npm run serve" 启动server
8. 运行postman
9. 文件-导入-选择web目录下的postman.json
10. 各种添加和列表测试就可以了。
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/jingyingggong/p/9126254.html
时间： 2024-07-30 05:32:43