一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
< servlet >
< servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class >
< init-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
< param-value >classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</ param-value >
</ init-param >
<!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name >
< url-pattern >/</ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
|
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/mvc" )
public class mvcController {
@RequestMapping ( "/hello" )
public String hello(){
return "hello" ;
}
}
|
7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
//match automatically
@RequestMapping ( "/person" )
public String toPerson(String name, double age){
System.out.println(name+ " " +age);
return "hello" ;
}
|
五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
|
package test.SpringMVC.model;
public class Person {
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge( int age) {
this .age = age;
}
private String name;
private int age;
}
|
2.在Controller里编写方法
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
//boxing automatically
@RequestMapping ( "/person1" )
public String toPerson(Person p){
System.out.println(p.getName()+ " " +p.getAge());
return "hello" ;
}
|
六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
//the parameter was converted in initBinder
@RequestMapping ( "/date" )
public String date(Date date){
System.out.println(date);
return "hello" ;
}
//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
@InitBinder
public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date. class , new CustomDateEditor( new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd" ),
true ));
}
|
七、向前台传递参数
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
//pass the parameters to front-end
@RequestMapping ( "/show" )
public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
Person p = new Person();
map.put( "p" , p);
p.setAge( 20 );
p.setName( "jayjay" );
return "show" ;
}
|
前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
@RequestMapping ( "/getPerson" )
public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
pw.write( "hello," +name);
}
@RequestMapping ( "/name" )
public String sayHello(){
return "name" ;
}
|
前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
$( function (){
$( "#btn" ).click( function (){
$.post( "mvc/getPerson" ,{name:$( "#name" ).val()}, function (data){
alert(data);
});
});
});
|
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
1
2
3
4
5
|
//redirect
@RequestMapping ( "/redirect" )
public String redirect(){
return "redirect:hello" ;
}
|
十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
1
2
3
4
|
<!-- upload settings -->
< bean id = "multipartResolver" class = "org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" >
< property name = "maxUploadSize" value = "102400000" ></ property >
</ bean >
|
3.方法代码
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
@RequestMapping (value= "/upload" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile( "file" );
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyyMMddHHmmss" );
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath( "/" )+
"upload/" +sdf.format( new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf( ‘.‘ )));
fos.write(file.getBytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
return "hello" ;
}
|
4.前台form表单
1
2
3
4
|
< form action = "mvc/upload" method = "post" enctype = "multipart/form-data" >
< input type = "file" name = "file" >< br >
< input type = "submit" value = "submit" >
</ form >
|
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/test" )
public class mvcController1 {
@RequestMapping (value= "/param" )
public String testRequestParam( @RequestParam (value= "id" ) Integer id,
@RequestParam (value= "name" )String name){
System.out.println(id+ " " +name);
return "/hello" ;
}
}
|
十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
|
@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/rest" )
public class RestController {
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String get( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "get" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String post( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "post" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String put( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "put" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String delete( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "delete" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
}
|
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
< filter >
< filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-name >
< filter-class >org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-class >
</ filter >
< filter-mapping >
< filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-name >
< url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >
|
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
|
< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" >
< input type = "hidden" name = "_method" value = "PUT" >
< input type = "submit" value = "put" >
</ form >
< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" >
< input type = "submit" value = "post" >
</ form >
< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "get" >
< input type = "submit" value = "get" >
</ form >
< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" >
< input type = "hidden" name = "_method" value = "DELETE" >
< input type = "submit" value = "delete" >
</ form >
|
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/json" )
public class jsonController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping ( "/user" )
public User get(){
User u = new User();
u.setId( 1 );
u.setName( "jayjay" );
u.setBirth( new Date());
return u;
}
}
|
十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常(Controller内)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView( "error" );
mv.addObject( "exception" , ex);
System.out.println( "in testExceptionHandler" );
return mv;
}
@RequestMapping ( "/error" )
public String error(){
int i = 5 / 0 ;
return "hello" ;
}
|
2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView( "error" );
mv.addObject( "exception" , ex);
System.out.println( "in testControllerAdvice" );
return mv;
}
}
|
3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
< bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver" >
< property name = "exceptionMappings" >
< props >
< prop key = "java.lang.ArithmeticException" >error</ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
|
error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
|
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
throws Exception {
System.out.println( "afterCompletion" );
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
System.out.println( "postHandle" );
}
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2) throws Exception {
System.out.println( "preHandle" );
return true ;
}
}
|
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
<!-- interceptor setting -->
< mvc:interceptors >
< mvc:interceptor >
< mvc:mapping path = "/mvc/**" />
< bean class = "test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor" ></ bean >
</ mvc:interceptor >
</ mvc:interceptors >
|
3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
|
public class User {
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id) {
this .id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this .birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]" ;
}
private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" )
private Date birth;
}
|
ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
< form:form action = "form/add" method = "post" modelAttribute = "user" >
id:< form:input path = "id" />< form:errors path = "id" />< br >
name:< form:input path = "name" />< form:errors path = "name" />< br >
birth:< form:input path = "birth" />< form:errors path = "birth" />
< input type = "submit" value = "submit" >
</ form:form >
|
ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
|
@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/form" )
public class formController {
@RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String add( @Valid User u,BindingResult br){
if (br.getErrorCount()> 0 ){
return "addUser" ;
}
return "showUser" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
map.put( "user" , new User());
return "addUser" ;
}
}
|
ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
[email protected] 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can‘t not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
1
2
3
4
|
<!-- configure the locale resource -->
< bean id = "messageSource" class = "org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" >
< property name = "basename" value = "locale" ></ property >
</ bean >
|
6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号
password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user name
password=password
创建一个locale.jsp
1
2
3
4
|
< body >
< fmt:message key = "username" ></ fmt:message >
< fmt:message key = "password" ></ fmt:message >
</ body >
|
在SpringMVC中配置
1
2
|
<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
< mvc:view-controller path = "/locale" view-name = "locale" />
|
让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类
2.User实体类
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
|
public class User {
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id) {
this .id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this .birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]" ;
}
private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" )
private Date birth;
}
|
3.UserService类
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
@Component
public class UserService {
public UserService(){
System.out.println( "UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n" );
}
public void save(){
System.out.println( "save" );
}
}
|
4.UserController
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/integrate" )
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping ( "/user" )
public String saveUser( @RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
System.out.println(u);
userService.save();
return "hello" ;
}
}
|
5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
在Web.xml中添加配置
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
<!-- configure the springIOC -->
< listener >
< listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class >
</ listener >
< context-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
< param-value >classpath:applicationContext.xml</ param-value >
</ context-param >
|
6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
< context:component-scan base-package = "test.SpringMVC.integrate" >
< context:include-filter type = "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
< context:include-filter type = "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />
</ context:component-scan >
|
十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。
时间: 2024-10-14 22:51:18