题目链接：https://codeforces.com/contest/1296/problem/C
C. Yet Another Walking Robot
time limit per test
1 second
memory limit per test
256 megabytes
input
standard input
output
standard output
There is a robot on a coordinate plane. Initially, the robot is located at the point (0,0)(0,0). Its path is described as a string ss of length nn consisting of characters ‘L‘, ‘R‘, ‘U‘, ‘D‘.
Each of these characters corresponds to some move:
- ‘L‘ (left): means that the robot moves from the point (x,y)(x,y) to the point (x−1,y)(x−1,y);
- ‘R‘ (right): means that the robot moves from the point (x,y)(x,y) to the point (x+1,y)(x+1,y);
- ‘U‘ (up): means that the robot moves from the point (x,y)(x,y) to the point (x,y+1)(x,y+1);
- ‘D‘ (down): means that the robot moves from the point (x,y)(x,y) to the point (x,y−1)(x,y−1).
The company that created this robot asked you to optimize the path of the robot somehow. To do this, you can remove any non-empty substring of the path. But this company doesn‘t want their customers to notice the change in the robot behavior. It means that if before the optimization the robot ended its path at the point (xe,ye)(xe,ye), then after optimization (i.e. removing some single substring from ss) the robot also ends its path at the point (xe,ye)(xe,ye).
This optimization is a low-budget project so you need to remove the shortest possible non-empty substring to optimize the robot‘s path such that the endpoint of his path doesn‘t change. It is possible that you can‘t optimize the path. Also, it is possible that after the optimization the target path is an empty string (i.e. deleted substring is the whole string ss).
Recall that the substring of ss is such string that can be obtained from ss by removing some amount of characters (possibly, zero) from the prefix and some amount of characters (possibly, zero) from the suffix. For example, the substrings of "LURLLR" are "LU", "LR", "LURLLR", "URL", but not "RR" and "UL".
You have to answer tt independent test cases.
Input
The first line of the input contains one integer tt (1≤t≤10001≤t≤1000) — the number of test cases.
The next 2t2t lines describe test cases. Each test case is given on two lines. The first line of the test case contains one integer nn (1≤n≤2⋅1051≤n≤2⋅105) — the length of the robot‘s path. The second line of the test case contains one string ss consisting of nn characters ‘L‘, ‘R‘, ‘U‘, ‘D‘ — the robot‘s path.
It is guaranteed that the sum of nn over all test cases does not exceed 2⋅1052⋅105 (∑n≤2⋅105∑n≤2⋅105).
Output
For each test case, print the answer on it. If you cannot remove such non-empty substring that the endpoint of the robot‘s path doesn‘t change, print -1. Otherwise, print two integers ll and rr such that 1≤l≤r≤n1≤l≤r≤n — endpoints of the substring you remove. The value r−l+1r−l+1 should be minimum possible. If there are several answers, print any of them.
Example
input
Copy
4 4 LRUD 4 LURD 5 RRUDU 5 LLDDR
output
Copy
1 2 1 4 3 4 -1 解法：利用哈希表记录每个出现过的状态，从前到后遍历以此枚举，如果出现了之前出现过的状态，则说明这两状态之间的字符串可以删除，利用两个指针记录全局的最优解
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <cstring>
3 #include <algorithm>
4 #include <unordered_map>
5
6 using namespace std ;
7
8 typedef pair<int,int> PII ;
9
10 namespace std{//特例化哈希模板
11 template<>
12 struct hash<PII>{
13 size_t operator()(const PII &S)const{
14 return S.first ^ S.second ;
15 }
16 };
17 }
18
19 int main(){
20
21 int T ;
22 cin >> T ;
23
24 while(T--){
25 int n ;
26 string str ;
27 cin >> n >> str ;
28 unordered_map<PII,int> vis ;
29 PII cur = {0,0} ;
30 vis[cur] = 0 ;
31 int l = -1,r = n ;
32 for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
33 if(str[i] == ‘L‘) ++ cur.first ;
34 if(str[i] == ‘R‘) -- cur.first ;
35 if(str[i] == ‘U‘) ++ cur.second ;
36 if(str[i] == ‘D‘) -- cur.second ;
37 if(vis.count(cur)){
38 if(i-vis[cur]+1<r-l+1){
39 r = i ;
40 l = vis[cur] ;
41 }
42 }
43 vis[cur] = i + 1 ;
44 }
45 if(l == -1){
46 cout << "-1" << endl ;
47 }else{
48 cout << l + 1 << ‘ ‘ << r + 1 << endl ;
49 }
50 }
51 return 0 ;
52 }
...
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/gulangyuzzz/p/12262795.html