Django用户登录与注册——小白教程

学习django学得超级吃力，最近弄个最简单的用户登录与注册界面都是那么难，目前算是基本实现了，虽然功能特别特别简单但是做一个记录，以后学习深入了再来补充：

首先创建项目,到项目所在目录：django-admin startproject demo0414_userauth

进入项目：cd demo0414_userauth

创建相应的app:django-admin startapp account

整个项目的结构图如图所示

├── account

│ ├── admin.py

│ ├── admin.pyc

│ ├── apps.py

│ ├── init.py

│ ├── init.pyc

│ ├── migrations

│ │ ├── 0001_initial.py

│ │ ├── 0001_initial.pyc

│ │ ├── init.py

│ │ └── init.pyc

│ ├── models.py

│ ├── models.pyc

│ ├── tests.py

│ ├── urls.py

│ ├── urls.pyc

│ ├── views.py

│ └── views.pyc

├── demo0414_userauth

│ ├── init.py

│ ├── init.pyc

│ ├── settings.py

│ ├── settings.pyc

│ ├── urls.py

│ ├── urls.pyc

│ ├── wsgi.py

│ └── wsgi.pyc

├── manage.py

└── templates

├── register.html

├── success.html

└── userlogin.html

4 directories, 29 files

然后在setting文件的installed_app中添加app account;

创建一个templates文件夹，可以放在项目的根目录下也可以放在app的目录下。一般情况下提倡放在app的目录下。如果放下项目的根目录下需要在setting文件中TEMPLATES中设置’DIRS’: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,’templates’)],否则不能使用模板。

另外因为这个项目存在页面跳转的问题，为了安全防止csrf攻击，一把模板中都有了相关的设置。目前我还不会用这个东西，据说在form表单中添加标签{% csrf_token %}就可以实现了，但是我没有成功。所以先不考虑这个问题，把seeting中的这个中间件’django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware’,注释掉

然后在model中创建相应的数据库：

class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    email = models.EmailField()

view中添加相应的程序。Pdb当时用于断点调试，我很喜欢，超级喜欢。如果你不敢兴趣，直接注释即可。

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from django import forms
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.template import RequestContext
from django.contrib import auth
from models import User
import pdb

def login(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        uf = UserFormLogin(request.POST)
        if uf.is_valid():
            #获取表单信息
            username = uf.cleaned_data[‘username‘]
            password = uf.cleaned_data[‘password‘]
            userResult = User.objects.filter(username=username,password=password)
            #pdb.set_trace()
            if (len(userResult)>0):
                return render_to_response(‘success.html‘,{‘operation‘:"登录"})
            else:
                return  HttpResponse("该用户不存在")
    else:
        uf = UserFormLogin()
return render_to_response("userlogin.html",{‘uf‘:uf})

def register(request):
    curtime=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime());

    if request.method == "POST":
        uf = UserForm(request.POST)
        if uf.is_valid():
            #获取表单信息
            username = uf.cleaned_data[‘username‘]
            #pdb.set_trace()
            #try:
            filterResult = User.objects.filter(username = username)
            if len(filterResult)>0:
                return render_to_response(‘register.html‘,{"errors":"用户名已存在"})
            else:
                password1 = uf.cleaned_data[‘password1‘]
                password2 = uf.cleaned_data[‘password2‘]
                errors = []
                if (password2 != password1):
                    errors.append("两次输入的密码不一致!")
                    return render_to_response(‘register.html‘,{‘errors‘:errors})
                    #return HttpResponse(‘两次输入的密码不一致!,请重新输入密码‘)
                password = password2
                email = uf.cleaned_data[‘email‘]
            #将表单写入数据库
                user = User.objects.create(username=username,password=password1)
                #user = User(username=username,password=password,email=email)
                user.save()
                pdb.set_trace()
            #返回注册成功页面
                return render_to_response(‘success.html‘,{‘username‘:username,‘operation‘:"注册"})
    else:
        uf = UserForm()
return render_to_response(‘register.html‘,{‘uf‘:uf})

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(label=‘用户名‘,max_length=100)
    password1 = forms.CharField(label=‘密码‘,widget=forms.PasswordInput())
    password2 = forms.CharField(label=‘确认密码‘,widget=forms.PasswordInput())
    email = forms.EmailField(label=‘电子邮件‘)

class UserFormLogin(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(label=‘用户名‘,max_length=100)
    password = forms.CharField(label=‘密码‘,widget=forms.PasswordInput())

Tempaltes文件夹下总共有3个页面：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>用户注册</title>
</head>
  <style type="text/css">
    body{color:#efd;background:#453;padding:0 5em;margin:0}
    h1{padding:2em 1em;background:#675}
    h2{color:#bf8;border-top:1px dotted #fff;margin-top:2em}
    p{margin:1em 0}
  </style>
<body>
<h1>注册页面：</h1>
<form method = ‘post‘ enctype="multipart/form-data">
{{uf.as_p}}
{{errors}}
</br>
<input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

Userlogin.html

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>用户注册</title>
</head>
  <style type="text/css">
    body{color:#efd;background:#453;padding:0 5em;margin:0}
    h1{padding:2em 1em;background:#675}
    h2{color:#bf8;border-top:1px dotted #fff;margin-top:2em}
    p{margin:1em 0}
  </style>
<body>
<h1>登录页面：</h1>
<form method = ‘post‘ enctype="multipart/form-data">

{{uf.as_p}}
<input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

Success.html

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form method = ‘post‘>

    <h1>恭喜,{{operation}}成功！</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>

更新数据库：