本片文章出自http://blog.csdn.net/andywuchuanlong，转载请说明出处，谢谢！
我答同行问序列目录http://blog.csdn.net/andywuchuanlong/article/details/44194043
4、网络请求的时候，我们都需要开启线程，那么是使用asyncTask还是使用Thread+Handler模式呢？
网络请求是每个app都需要进行的，很多人会使用asyncTask，也有人喜欢Thread+Handler，下面我按照我的想法讲解一下他们两者的区别。
1、asyncTask
asyncTask本质上也是一个线程池，2.3之前默认最多同时执行5个任务，是并行执行任务的。而3.0之后默认是串行执行，也就是说只有一个任务在执行，下面主要讲解下3.0之后的asyncTask。
AsyncTask中维护者一个静态并发线程池，可以用来并行执行任务，尽管从3,0开始，AsyncTask默认是串行执行任务
但是我们仍然能构造出并行的AsyncTask。可能有人觉得奇怪了，明明维护者一个并发线程池，怎么说是串行执行的呢，主要还是AsyncTask维护了一个静态串行任务执行器其内部实现了串行控制，当任务开始执行的时候，这个task会被加入到任务队列中，然后从队列中循环的取出一个个的任务交给并发线程池去执行，这个任务执行器就是3.0之后默认的执行器，如果我们要改为并行执行把这个默认的执行器替换掉就可以了。任务执行完毕之后，会通过AsyncTask内部的一个handler发送消息到主线程，这里也就说明了为什么AsyncTask只能在ui线程中创建，因为AsyncTask内部维护了一个Handler，而消息时有Looper来循环的，子线程中默认是没有Looper的。
public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {
private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask";
//获取当前的cpu核心数
private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
//线程池核心容量
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT + 1;
//线程池最大容量
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;
//ThreadFactory 线程工厂，通过工厂方法newThread来获取新线程
private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
//原子整数，可以在超高并发下正常工作
private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
}
};
//静态阻塞式队列，用来存放待执行的任务，初始容量：128个
private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);
/**
* 静态并发线程池，可以用来并行执行任务，尽管从3.0开始，AsyncTask默认是串行执行任务
* 但是我们仍然能构造出并行的AsyncTask
*/
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
= new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
/**
* 静态串行任务执行器，其内部实现了串行控制，
* 循环的取出一个个任务交给上述的并发线程池去执行
*/
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
//消息类型：发送结果
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
//消息类型：更新进度
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;
/**静态Handler，用来发送上述两种通知，采用UI线程的Looper来处理消息
* 这就是为什么AsyncTask必须在UI线程调用，因为子线程
* 默认没有Looper无法创建下面的Handler，程序会直接Crash
*/
private static final InternalHandler sHandler = new InternalHandler();
//默认任务执行器，被赋值为串行任务执行器，就是它，AsyncTask变成串行的了
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;
private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();
/**串行执行器的实现，我们要好好看看，它是怎么把并行转为串行的
*目前我们需要知道，asyncTask.execute(Params ...)实际上会调用
*SerialExecutor的execute方法，这一点后面再说明。也就是说：当你的asyncTask执行的时候，
*首先你的task会被加入到任务队列，然后排队，一个个执行
*/
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
//线性双向队列，用来存储所有的AsyncTask任务
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
//当前正在执行的AsyncTask任务
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
//将新的AsyncTask任务加入到双向队列中
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
//执行AsyncTask任务
r.run();
} finally {
//当前AsyncTask任务执行完毕后，进行下一轮执行，如果还有未执行任务的话
//这一点很明显体现了AsyncTask是串行执行任务的，总是一个任务执行完毕才会执行下一个任务
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
//如果当前没有任务在执行，直接进入执行逻辑
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
//从任务队列中取出队列头部的任务，如果有就交给并发线程池去执行
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
/**
* Indicates the current status of the task. Each status will be set only once
* during the lifetime of a task.
*/
/**
* 任务的三种状态
*/
public enum Status {
/** 任务等待执行
* Indicates that the task has not been executed yet.
*/
PENDING,
/**任务正在执行
* Indicates that the task is running.
*/
RUNNING,
/**任务已经执行结束
* Indicates that {@link AsyncTask#onPostExecute} has finished.
*/
FINISHED,
}
/** @hide Used to force static handler to be created.
* 隐藏API：在UI线程中调用，用来初始化Handler
* */
public static void init() {
// sHandler.getLooper();
}
/** @hide 为AsyncTask设置默认执行器*/
public static void setDefaultExecutor(Executor exec) {
sDefaultExecutor = exec;
}
/**
* Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
*/
public AsyncTask() {
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
}
private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
postResult(result);
}
}
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
/**
* Returns the current status of this task.
*
* @return The current status.
*/
public final Status getStatus() {
return mStatus;
}
/**
* Override this method to perform a computation on a background thread. The
* specified parameters are the parameters passed to {@link #execute}
* by the caller of this task.
*
* This method can call {@link #publishProgress} to publish updates
* on the UI thread.
*
* @param params The parameters of the task.
*
* @return A result, defined by the subclass of this task.
*
* @see #onPreExecute()
* @see #onPostExecute
* @see #publishProgress
*/
protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
/**
* Runs on the UI thread before {@link #doInBackground}.
*
* @see #onPostExecute
* @see #doInBackground
*/
protected void onPreExecute() {
}
/**
* <p>Runs on the UI thread after {@link #doInBackground}. The
* specified result is the value returned by {@link #doInBackground}.</p>
*
* <p>This method won't be invoked if the task was cancelled.</p>
*
* @param result The result of the operation computed by {@link #doInBackground}.
*
* @see #onPreExecute
* @see #doInBackground
* @see #onCancelled(Object)
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
}
/**
* Runs on the UI thread after {@link #publishProgress} is invoked.
* The specified values are the values passed to {@link #publishProgress}.
*
* @param values The values indicating progress.
*
* @see #publishProgress
* @see #doInBackground
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
}
/**
* <p>Runs on the UI thread after {@link #cancel(boolean)} is invoked and
* {@link #doInBackground(Object[])} has finished.</p>
*
* <p>The default implementation simply invokes {@link #onCancelled()} and
* ignores the result. If you write your own implementation, do not call
* <code>super.onCancelled(result)</code>.</p>
*
* @param result The result, if any, computed in
* {@link #doInBackground(Object[])}, can be null
*
* @see #cancel(boolean)
* @see #isCancelled()
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedParameters"})
protected void onCancelled(Result result) {
onCancelled();
}
/**
* <p>Applications should preferably override {@link #onCancelled(Object)}.
* This method is invoked by the default implementation of
* {@link #onCancelled(Object)}.</p>
*
* <p>Runs on the UI thread after {@link #cancel(boolean)} is invoked and
* {@link #doInBackground(Object[])} has finished.</p>
*
* @see #onCancelled(Object)
* @see #cancel(boolean)
* @see #isCancelled()
*/
protected void onCancelled() {
}
/**
* Returns <tt>true</tt> if this task was cancelled before it completed
* normally. If you are calling {@link #cancel(boolean)} on the task,
* the value returned by this method should be checked periodically from
* {@link #doInBackground(Object[])} to end the task as soon as possible.
*
* @return <tt>true</tt> if task was cancelled before it completed
*
* @see #cancel(boolean)
*/
public final boolean isCancelled() {
return mCancelled.get();
}
/**
* <p>Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will
* fail if the task has already completed, already been cancelled,
* or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful,
* and this task has not started when <tt>cancel</tt> is called,
* this task should never run. If the task has already started,
* then the <tt>mayInterruptIfRunning</tt> parameter determines
* whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in
* an attempt to stop the task.</p>
*
* <p>Calling this method will result in {@link #onCancelled(Object)} being
* invoked on the UI thread after {@link #doInBackground(Object[])}
* returns. Calling this method guarantees that {@link #onPostExecute(Object)}
* is never invoked. After invoking this method, you should check the
* value returned by {@link #isCancelled()} periodically from
* {@link #doInBackground(Object[])} to finish the task as early as
* possible.</p>
*
* @param mayInterruptIfRunning <tt>true</tt> if the thread executing this
* task should be interrupted; otherwise, in-progress tasks are allowed
* to complete.
*
* @return <tt>false</tt> if the task could not be cancelled,
* typically because it has already completed normally;
* <tt>true</tt> otherwise
*
* @see #isCancelled()
* @see #onCancelled(Object)
*/
public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
mCancelled.set(true);
return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
}
/**
* Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
* retrieves its result.
*
* @return The computed result.
*
* @throws CancellationException If the computation was cancelled.
* @throws ExecutionException If the computation threw an exception.
* @throws InterruptedException If the current thread was interrupted
* while waiting.
*/
public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
return mFuture.get();
}
/**
* Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation
* to complete, and then retrieves its result.
*
* @param timeout Time to wait before cancelling the operation.
* @param unit The time unit for the timeout.
*
* @return The computed result.
*
* @throws CancellationException If the computation was cancelled.
* @throws ExecutionException If the computation threw an exception.
* @throws InterruptedException If the current thread was interrupted
* while waiting.
* @throws TimeoutException If the wait timed out.
*/
public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException,
ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
return mFuture.get(timeout, unit);
}
/**
* Executes the task with the specified parameters. The task returns
* itself (this) so that the caller can keep a reference to it.
*
* <p>Note: this function schedules the task on a queue for a single background
* thread or pool of threads depending on the platform version. When first
* introduced, AsyncTasks were executed serially on a single background thread.
* Starting with {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#DONUT}, this was changed
* to a pool of threads allowing multiple tasks to operate in parallel. Starting
* {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}, tasks are back to being
* executed on a single thread to avoid common application errors caused
* by parallel execution. If you truly want parallel execution, you can use
* the {@link #executeOnExecutor} version of this method
* with {@link #THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR}; however, see commentary there for warnings
* on its use.
*
* <p>This method must be invoked on the UI thread.
*
* @param params The parameters of the task.
*
* @return This instance of AsyncTask.
*
* @throws IllegalStateException If {@link #getStatus()} returns either
* {@link AsyncTask.Status#RUNNING} or {@link AsyncTask.Status#FINISHED}.
*
* @see #executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[])
* @see #execute(Runnable)
*/ /**
* 这个方法如何执行和系统版本有关，在AsyncTask的使用规则里已经说明，如果你真的想使用并行AsyncTask，
* 也是可以的，只要稍作修改
* 必须在UI线程调用此方法
*/
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
//串行执行
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
//如果我们想并行执行，这样改就行了，当然这个方法我们没法改
//return executeOnExecutor(THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, params);
}
/**
* Executes the task with the specified parameters. The task returns
* itself (this) so that the caller can keep a reference to it.
*
* <p>This method is typically used with {@link #THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR} to
* allow multiple tasks to run in parallel on a pool of threads managed by
* AsyncTask, however you can also use your own {@link Executor} for custom
* behavior.
*
* <p><em>Warning:</em> Allowing multiple tasks to run in parallel from
* a thread pool is generally <em>not</em> what one wants, because the order
* of their operation is not defined. For example, if these tasks are used
* to modify any state in common (such as writing a file due to a button click),
* there are no guarantees on the order of the modifications.
* Without careful work it is possible in rare cases for the newer version
* of the data to be over-written by an older one, leading to obscure data
* loss and stability issues. Such changes are best
* executed in serial; to guarantee such work is serialized regardless of
* platform version you can use this function with {@link #SERIAL_EXECUTOR}.
*
* <p>This method must be invoked on the UI thread.
*
* @param exec The executor to use. {@link #THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR} is available as a
* convenient process-wide thread pool for tasks that are loosely coupled.
* @param params The parameters of the task.
*
* @return This instance of AsyncTask.
*
* @throws IllegalStateException If {@link #getStatus()} returns either
* {@link AsyncTask.Status#RUNNING} or {@link AsyncTask.Status#FINISHED}.
*
* @see #execute(Object[])
*/
/**
* 通过这个方法我们可以自定义AsyncTask的执行方式，串行or并行，甚至可以采用自己的Executor
* 为了实现并行，我们可以在外部这么用AsyncTask：
* asyncTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, Params... params);
* 必须在UI线程调用此方法
*/
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
/**
* Convenience version of {@link #execute(Object...)} for use with
* a simple Runnable object. See {@link #execute(Object[])} for more
* information on the order of execution.
*
* @see #execute(Object[])
* @see #executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[])
*//**
* 这是AsyncTask提供的一个静态方法，方便我们直接执行一个runnable
*/
public static void execute(Runnable runnable) {
sDefaultExecutor.execute(runnable);
}
/**
* This method can be invoked from {@link #doInBackground} to
* publish updates on the UI thread while the background computation is
* still running. Each call to this method will trigger the execution of
* {@link #onProgressUpdate} on the UI thread.
*
* {@link #onProgressUpdate} will note be called if the task has been
* canceled.
*
* @param values The progress values to update the UI with.
*
* @see #onProgressUpdate
* @see #doInBackground
*/
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
}
}
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
//AsyncTask内部Handler，用来发送后台计算进度更新消息和计算完成消息
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
Params[] mParams;
}
@SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
final AsyncTask mTask;
final Data[] mData;
AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
mTask = task;
mData = data;
}
}
}
2、Thread+Handler模式
每个需要请求服务器的地方都创建一个线程，等到线程执行完毕就通过handler发送消息到主线程。这样的线程运行是不受控制的。
总结一下：
AsyncTask是封装好的线程池，比起Thread+Handler的方式，AsyncTask在操作UI线程上更方便，因为onPreExecute()、onPostExecute()及更新UI方法onProgressUpdate()均运行在主线程中，这样就不用Handler发消息处理了。
AsyncTask真正的缺点来自于3.0之前全局线程池只有5个工作线程，也就是说，一个APP如果运用AsyncTask技术来执行线程，那么同一时间最多只能有5个线程同时运行，其他线程将被阻塞，但是在3.0之后可以自定义执行器，多少个线程同时运行不受到限制。不运用AsyncTask执行的线程，也就是自己new出来的线程不受此限制。
所以在3.0之前AsyncTask不要用于多线程取网络数据，因为很可能这样会产生阻塞，从而降低效率。3.0之后我建议最好是使用AsyncTask。
时间： 2024-08-15 01:49:13