WCF是Windows平台下程序间通讯的应用程序框架。整合和 .net Remoting，WebService，Socket的机制，是用来开发windows平台上分布式开发的最佳选择。wcf程序的运行需要一个宿主ServiceHost，我们可以选用控制台应用程序，也可以选择IIS寄宿，还可以选择windows 服务寄宿。相较与控制台程序，IIS,和Windows服务比较稳定。而且大家不会时不时的去重启下IIS下的网站，或者windows服务。
在IIS下寄宿Wcf
我们新建一个类库项目
在项目下添加一个ICalculator接口类，实现wcf 服务契约，操作契约接口
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace IISServices
{
[ServiceContract(Name = "CalculatorService")]
public interface ICalculator
{
[OperationContract]
double Add(double x, double y);
[OperationContract]
double Subtract(double x, double y);
[OperationContract]
double Multiply(double x, double y);
[OperationContract]
double Divide(double x, double y);
}
}
新建一个服务类CalculatorService，实现服务契约接口ICalculator
namespace IISServices
{
public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{
public double Add(double x, double y)
{
return x + y;
}
public double Subtract(double x, double y)
{
return x - y;
}
public double Multiply(double x, double y)
{
return x * y;
}
public double Divide(double x, double y)
{
return x / y;
}
}
}
添加一个文件，文件名为CalculatorService.svc就是我们用来寻找服务对外暴漏的入口。只需要添加一行代码就可以。当我们访问服务的时候IIS会寻找我们这个svc文件来找到我们提供的服务。
<%@ServiceHost Service="IISServices.CalculatorService"%>
添加一个web.Config文件，添加system.serviceModel节点的配置信息。里面不需要配置我们访问服务的地址，因为IIS下我们网站的地址就是我们访问服务的地址。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<system.serviceModel>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="metadataBehavior">
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
<services>
<service behaviorConfiguration="metadataBehavior" name="IISServices.CalculatorService">
<endpoint binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="IISServices.ICalculator" />
</service>
</services>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
项目详细如下，另外应用里面需要添加System.ServiceModel这个dll引用，wcf的大部分实现都在这个类库里面：
我们在IIS下面新建一个网站，根目录只需要添加web.Config,svc服务文件即可，bin下面放我们生成的IISServices.dll如下：
网站访问端口我们配置为82，启动网站。
在我们需要引用服务的类库或exe上添加服务引用http://localhost:82/CalculatorService.svc，就可以找到我们需要的服务了。
在Windows服务下寄宿wcf服务
我们新建一个控制台应用程序Service。添加下面这三个类库引用
- System.ServiceModel.dll
- System.ServiceProcess.dll
- System.Configuration.Install.dll
将Programs.cs修改为Service.cs,添加代码如下
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Configuration.Install;
namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
// Define a service contract.
[ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
public interface ICalculator
{
[OperationContract]
double Add(double n1, double n2);
[OperationContract]
double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
[OperationContract]
double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
[OperationContract]
double Divide(double n1, double n2);
}
// Implement the ICalculator service contract in a service class.
public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{
// Implement the ICalculator methods.
public double Add(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 + n2;
return result;
}
public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 - n2;
return result;
}
public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 * n2;
return result;
}
public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 / n2;
return result;
}
}
public class CalculatorWindowsService : ServiceBase
{
public ServiceHost serviceHost = null;
public CalculatorWindowsService()
{
// Name the Windows Service
ServiceName = "WCFWindowsServiceSample";
}
public static void Main()
{
ServiceBase.Run(new CalculatorWindowsService());
}
// Start the Windows service.
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
if (serviceHost != null)
{
serviceHost.Close();
}
// Create a ServiceHost for the CalculatorService type and
// provide the base address.
serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService));
// Open the ServiceHostBase to create listeners and start
// listening for messages.
serviceHost.Open();
}
protected override void OnStop()
{
if (serviceHost != null)
{
serviceHost.Close();
serviceHost = null;
}
}
}
// Provide the ProjectInstaller class which allows
// the service to be installed by the Installutil.exe tool
[RunInstaller(true)]
public class ProjectInstaller : Installer
{
private ServiceProcessInstaller process;
private ServiceInstaller service;
public ProjectInstaller()
{
process = new ServiceProcessInstaller();
process.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem;
service = new ServiceInstaller();
service.ServiceName = "WCFWindowsServiceSample";
Installers.Add(process);
Installers.Add(service);
}
}
}
在App.Config里面添加配置节点ServiceModel如下：
<system.serviceModel>
<services>
<!-- This section is optional with the new configuration model
introduced in .NET Framework 4. -->
<service name="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.CalculatorService"
behaviorConfiguration="CalculatorServiceBehavior">
<host>
<baseAddresses>
<add baseAddress="http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service"/>
</baseAddresses>
</host>
<!-- this endpoint is exposed at the base address provided by host: http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service -->
<endpoint address=""
binding="wsHttpBinding"
contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator" />
<!-- the mex endpoint is exposed at http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service/mex -->
<endpoint address="mex"
binding="mexHttpBinding"
contract="IMetadataExchange" />
</service>
</services>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="CalculatorServiceBehavior">
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/>
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="False"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
</system.serviceModel>
生成文件，注意看程序的入口main函数ServiceBase.Run(new CalculatorWindowsService());在main函数里面程序调用了windows服务。我们这个项目本质上是一个windows服务。windows服务不可以直接运行，需要先安装。我们使用管理员身份打开cmd.exe
进入我们的.net安装目录，我这个是安装的4.0，所以进入C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319文件夹，找到该文件夹下面的InstallUtil.exe程序。在cmd里面输入如下，回车
进入.net安装文件夹，输入InstallUtil.exe "生成服务所在的路径"，注意这儿最好给路径加上引号，没有引号如果碰到空格可能报错。
安装后如果出现下面的successfully,说明服务安装完成。
然后我们到windows服务里面启动该服务。
启动服务后，在需要引用该服务的类库或者exe程序上添加服务引用，路径为我们App.config里面的 <add baseAddress="http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service"/>基地址
点击转到，出现CalculatorService说明我们配置成功。
注：
安装 Windows 服务: installutil bin\service.exe
卸载Windows服务： installutil /u bin\service.exe 或者 sc delete 服务名
启动Windows服务： net start WCFWindowsServiceSample
停止Windows服务： type net stop WCFWindowsServiceSample
windows服务的寄宿，参考msdn:https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms733069.aspx
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