A - Tokitsukaze and Enhancement

题目链接：http://codeforces.com/contest/1191/problem/A

题目：

Tokitsukaze is one of the characters in the game "Kantai Collection". In this game, every character has a common attribute — health points, shortened to HP.

In general, different values of HP are grouped into 4 categories:   Category A

if HP is in the form of (4n+1), that is, when divided by 4, the remainder is 1;
Category B
if HP is in the form of (4n+3), that is, when divided by 4, the remainder is 3;
Category C
if HP is in the form of (4n+2), that is, when divided by 4, the remainder is 2;
Category D
if HP is in the form of 4n, that is, when divided by 4, the remainder is 0

The above-mentioned n can be any integer.

These 4
categories ordered from highest to lowest as A>B>C>D, which means category A is the highest and category D is the lowest.

While playing the game, players can increase the HP of the character. Now, Tokitsukaze wants you to increase her HP by at most 2
(that is, either by 0, 1 or 2). How much should she increase her HP so that it has the highest possible category?
Input

The only line contains a single integer x
(30≤x≤100) — the value Tokitsukaze‘s HP currently.
Output

Print an integer a(0≤a≤2) and an uppercase letter b (b∈{A,B,C,D}), representing that the best way is to increase her HP by a, and then the category becomes b
Note that the output characters are case-sensitive.
Examples
Input
33
Output
0 A
Input
98
Output
1 B
Note

For the first example, the category of Tokitsukaze‘s HP is already A, so you don‘t need to enhance her ability.
For the second example:
 If you don‘t increase her HP, its value is still 98, which equals to (4×24+2), and its category is C.
If you increase her HP by 1, its value becomes 99, which equals to (4×24+3), and its category becomes B.
If you increase her HP by 2, its value becomes 100, which equals to (4×25), and its category becomes D .
Therefore, the best way is to increase her HP by 1
so that the category of her HP becomes B.

题意：

Tokitsukaze是游戏“Kantai Collection”中的角色之一。在这个游戏中，每个角色都有一个共同的属性 - 健康点，缩短为HP。

通常，不同的HP值分为4类：A类

如果HP是（4n + 1）的形式，也就是说，当除以4时，余数为1;
B类
如果HP的形式为（4n + 3），即除以4，则余数为3;
C类
如果HP的形式为（4n + 2），即除以4，则余数为2;
D类
如果HP是4n的形式，也就是说，当除以4时，余数为0

上述n可以是任何整数。

这4个
从A到B> C> D从最高到最低排序的类别，这意味着A类最高，D类最低。

在玩游戏时，玩家可以增加角色的HP。现在，Tokitsukaze希望你将她的HP增加至多2
（即0,1或2）。她应该增加多少HP以使其具有最高级别？
输入

唯一的行包含一个整数x
（30≤x≤100） - 目前Tokitsukaze的HP值。
产量

打印一个整数a（0≤a≤2）和一个大写字母b（b∈{A，B，C，D}），表示最好的方法是将她的HP增加a，然后该类别变为b
请注意，输出字符区分大小写。
例子
输入
33
产量
0 A.
输入
98
产量
1 B
注意

对于第一个例子，Tokitsukaze的HP类别已经是A，所以你不需要增强她的能力。
对于第二个例子：
 如果你不增加她的HP，它的值仍然是98，等于（4×24 + 2），其类别是C.
如果将HP增加1，则其值变为99，等于（4×24 + 3），其类别变为B.
如果将HP增加2，则其值变为100，等于（4×25），其类别变为D.
因此，最好的方法是将她的HP增加1
这样她的HP类别就变成了B.

思路：模拟即可

#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;

const int maxn=2e5+7;

int main()
{
　　　 int n;
    while(cin>>n) {
        if(n%4==1)
            printf("0 A\n");
        else if(n%4==2)
            printf("1 B\n");
        else if(n%4==3)
            printf("2 A\n");
        else
            printf("1 A\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Vampire6/p/11194007.html