FreeSql (二十九)Lambda 表达式

FreeSql 支持功能丰富的表达式函数解析,方便程序员在不了解数据库函数的情况下编写代码。这是 FreeSql 非常特色的功能之一,深入细化函数解析尽量做到满意,所支持的类型基本都可以使用对应的表达式函数,例如 日期、字符串、IN查询、数组(PostgreSQL的数组)、字典(PostgreSQL HStore)等等。

IFreeSql fsql = new FreeSql.FreeSqlBuilder()
    .UseConnectionString(FreeSql.DataType.MySql, "Data Source=127.0.0.1;Port=3306;User ID=root;Password=root;Initial Catalog=cccddd;Charset=utf8;SslMode=none;Max pool size=10")
    .Build();

[Table(Name = "tb_topic")]
class Topic {
    [Column(IsIdentity = true, IsPrimary = true)]
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public int Clicks { get; set; }
    public int TestTypeInfoGuid { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; }
}

ISelect<Topic> select => fsql.Select<Topic>();

In查询

var t1 = select.Where(a => new[] { 1, 2, 3 }.Contains(a.testFieldInt)).ToSql();
//SELECT a.`Id`, a.`Clicks`, a.`TestTypeInfoGuid`, a.`Title`, a.`CreateTime`
//FROM `tb_topic` a
//WHERE (a.`Id` in (1,2,3))

查找今天创建的数据

var t2 = select.Where(a => a.CreateTime.Date == DateTime.Now.Date).ToSql();

SqlServer 下随机获取记录

var t3 = select.OrderBy(a => Guid.NewGuid()).Limit(1).ToSql();
//SELECT top 1 ...
//FROM [tb_topic] a
//ORDER BY newid()

AOP拦截实现自定义解析

IFreeSql 对象有 Aop 成员,那里提供一堆 AOP 拦截的方法。其实有一个事件名称:ParseExpression。

/// <summary>
/// 可自定义解析表达式
/// </summary>
EventHandler<AopParseExpressionEventArgs> ParseExpression { get; set; }

public class AopParseExpressionEventArgs : EventArgs {
    public AopParseExpressionEventArgs(Expression expression, Func<Expression, string> freeParse) {
        this.Expression = expression;
        this.FreeParse = freeParse;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 内置解析功能,可辅助您进行解析
    /// </summary>
    public Func<Expression, string> FreeParse { get; }

    /// <summary>
    /// 需要您解析的表达式
    /// </summary>
    public Expression Expression { get; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 解析后的内容
    /// </summary>
    public string Result { get; set; }
}

FreeParse 是提供给外部的解析工具,它拥有 FreeSql 所有表达式功能,当您自定义解析的过程中遇到特别难处理的,可通过它快速解析出表达式的子部分内容。

表达式函数全览

表达式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle 功能说明
a ? b : c case when a then b else c end case when a then b else c end case when a then b else c end case when a then b else c end a成立时取b值,否则取c值
a ?? b ifnull(a, b) isnull(a, b) coalesce(a, b) nvl(a, b) 当a为null时,取b值
数字 + 数字 a + b a + b a + b a + b 数字相加
数字 + 字符串 concat(a, b) cast(a as varchar) + cast(b as varchar) case(a as varchar)|| b a|| b 字符串相加,a或b任意一个为字符串时
a - b a - b a - b a - b a - b
a * b a * b a * b a * b a * b
a / b a / b a / b a / b a / b
a / b a div b a / b a / b trunc(a / b) 整除(a,b都为整数)
a % b a % b a % b a % b mod(a,b)

等等...

数组

表达式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle 功能说明
a.Length - - case when a is null then 0 else array_length(a,1) end - 数组长度
常量数组.Length - - array_length(array[常量数组元素逗号分割],1) - 数组长度
a.Any() - - case when a is null then 0 else array_length(a,1) end > 0 - 数组是否为空
常量数组.Contains(b) b in (常量数组元素逗号分割) b in (常量数组元素逗号分割) b in (常量数组元素逗号分割) b in (常量数组元素逗号分割) IN查询
a.Contains(b) - - a @> array[b] - a数组是否包含b元素
a.Concat(b) - - a || b - 数组相连
a.Count() - - 同 Length - 数组长度

一个细节证明 FreeSql 匠心制作

通用的 in 查询 select.Where(a => new []{ 1,2,3 }.Contains(a.xxx))

假设 xxxs 是 pgsql 的数组字段类型,其实会与上面的 in 查询起冲突,FreeSql 解决了这个矛盾 select.Where(a => a.xxxs.Contains(1))

字典 Dictionary<string, string>

表达式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle 功能说明
a.Count - - case when a is null then 0 else array_length(akeys(a),1) end - 字典长度
a.Keys - - akeys(a) - 返回字典所有key数组
a.Values - - avals(a) - 返回字典所有value数组
a.Contains(b) - - a @> b - 字典是否包含b
a.ContainsKey(b) - - a? b - 字典是否包含key
a.Concat(b) - - a || b - 字典相连
a.Count() - - 同 Count - 字典长度

JSON JToken/JObject/JArray

表达式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle 功能说明
a.Count - - jsonb_array_length(coalesce(a, ‘[])) - json数组类型的长度
a.Any() - - jsonb_array_length(coalesce(a, ‘[])) > 0 - json数组类型,是否为空
a.Contains(b) - - coalesce(a, ‘{}‘) @> b::jsonb - json中是否包含b
a.ContainsKey(b) - - coalesce(a, ‘{}‘) ? b - json中是否包含键b
a.Concat(b) - - coalesce(a, ‘{}‘) b::jsonb
Parse(a) - - a::jsonb - 转化字符串为json类型

字符串

表达式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle Sqlite
string.Empty ‘‘ ‘‘ ‘‘ ‘‘
string.IsNullOrEmpty(a) (a is null or a = ‘‘) (a is null or a = ‘‘) (a is null or a = ‘‘) (a is null or a = ‘‘) (a is null or a = ‘‘)
string.Concat(a,b,c...) concat(a, b, c) a + b + c a || b || c a || b || c a || b || c
a.CompareTo(b) strcmp(a, b) - case when a = b then 0 when a > b then 1 else -1 end case when a = b then 0 when a > b then 1 else -1 end case when a = b then 0 when a > b then 1 else -1 end
a.Contains(‘b‘) a like ‘%b%‘ a like ‘%b%‘ a ilike‘%b%‘ a like ‘%b%‘ a like ‘%b%‘
a.EndsWith(‘b‘) a like ‘%b‘ a like ‘%b‘ a ilike‘%b‘ a like ‘%b‘ a like ‘%b‘
a.IndexOf(b) locate(a, b) - 1 locate(a, b) - 1 strpos(a, b) - 1 instr(a, b, 1, 1) - 1 instr(a, b) - 1
a.Length char_length(a) len(a) char_length(a) length(a) length(a)
a.PadLeft(b, c) lpad(a, b, c) - lpad(a, b, c) lpad(a, b, c) lpad(a, b, c)
a.PadRight(b, c) rpad(a, b, c) - rpad(a, b, c) rpad(a, b, c) rpad(a, b, c)
a.Replace(b, c) replace(a, b, c) replace(a, b, c) replace(a, b, c) replace(a, b, c) replace(a, b, c)
a.StartsWith(‘b‘) a like ‘b%‘ a like ‘b%‘ a ilike‘b%‘ a like ‘b%‘ a like ‘b%‘
a.Substring(b, c) substr(a, b, c + 1) substring(a, b, c + 1) substr(a, b, c + 1) substr(a, b, c + 1) substr(a, b, c + 1)
a.ToLower lower(a) lower(a) lower(a) lower(a) lower(a)
a.ToUpper upper(a) upper(a) upper(a) upper(a) upper(a)
a.Trim trim(a) trim(a) trim(a) trim(a) trim(a)
a.TrimEnd rtrim(a) rtrim(a) rtrim(a) rtrim(a) rtrim(a)
a.TrimStart ltrim(a) ltrim(a) ltrim(a) ltrim(a) ltrim(a)

使用字符串函数可能会出现性能瓶颈,虽然不推荐使用,但是作为功能库这也是不可缺少的功能之一。

日期

表达式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle
DateTime.Now now() getdate() current_timestamp systimestamp
DateTime.UtcNow utc_timestamp() getutcdate() (current_timestamp at time zone ‘UTC‘) sys_extract_utc(systimestamp)
DateTime.Today curdate convert(char(10),getdate(),120) current_date trunc(systimestamp)
DateTime.MaxValue cast(‘9999/12/31 23:59:59‘ as datetime) ‘9999/12/31 23:59:59‘ ‘9999/12/31 23:59:59‘::timestamp to_timestamp(‘9999-12-31 23:59:59‘,‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6‘)
DateTime.MinValue cast(‘0001/1/1 0:00:00‘ as datetime) ‘1753/1/1 0:00:00‘ ‘0001/1/1 0:00:00‘::timestamp to_timestamp(‘0001-01-01 00:00:00‘,‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6‘)
DateTime.Compare(a, b) a - b a - b extract(epoch from a::timestamp-b::timestamp) extract(day from (a-b))
DateTime.DaysInMonth(a, b) dayofmonth(last_day(concat(a, ‘-‘, b, ‘-1‘))) datepart(day, dateadd(day, -1, dateadd(month, 1, cast(a as varchar) + ‘-‘ + cast(b as varchar) + ‘-1‘))) extract(day from (a
DateTime.Equals(a, b) a = b a = b a = b a = b
DateTime.IsLeapYear(a) a%4=0 and a%100<>0 or a%400=0 a%4=0 and a%100<>0 or a%400=0 a%4=0 and a%100<>0 or a%400=0 mod(a,4)=0 AND mod(a,100)<>0 OR mod(a,400)=0
DateTime.Parse(a) cast(a as datetime) cast(a as datetime) a::timestamp to_timestamp(a,‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6‘)
a.Add(b) date_add(a, interval b microsecond) dateadd(millisecond, b / 1000, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddDays(b) date_add(a, interval b day) dateadd(day, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddHours(b) date_add(a, interval b hour) dateadd(hour, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddMilliseconds(b) date_add(a, interval b*1000 microsecond) dateadd(millisecond, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddMinutes(b) date_add(a, interval b minute) dateadd(minute, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddMonths(b) date_add(a, interval b month) dateadd(month, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddSeconds(b) date_add(a, interval b second) dateadd(second, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddTicks(b) date_add(a, interval b/10 microsecond) dateadd(millisecond, b / 10000, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddYears(b) date_add(a, interval b year) dateadd(year, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.Date cast(date_format(a, ‘%Y-%m-%d‘) as datetime) convert(char(10),a,120) a::date trunc(a)
a.Day dayofmonth(a) datepart(day, a) extract(day from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,‘DD‘) as number)
a.DayOfWeek dayofweek(a) datepart(weekday, a) - 1 extract(dow from a::timestamp) case when to_char(a)=‘7‘ then 0 else cast(to_char(a) as number) end
a.DayOfYear dayofyear(a) datepart(dayofyear, a) extract(doy from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,‘DDD‘) as number)
a.Hour hour(a) datepart(hour, a) extract(hour from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,‘HH24‘) as number)
a.Millisecond floor(microsecond(a) / 1000) datepart(millisecond, a) extract(milliseconds from a::timestamp)-extract(second from a::timestamp)*1000 cast(to_char(a,‘FF3‘) as number)
a.Minute minute(a) datepart(minute, a) extract(minute from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,‘MI‘) as number)
a.Month month(a) datepart(month, a) extract(month from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,‘FF3‘) as number)
a.Second second(a) datepart(second, a) extract(second from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,‘SS‘) as number)
a.Subtract(b) timestampdiff(microsecond, b, a) datediff(millisecond, b, a) * 1000 (extract(epoch from a::timestamp-b::timestamp)*1000000) a - b
a.Ticks timestampdiff(microsecond, ‘0001-1-1‘, a) * 10 datediff(millisecond, ‘1970-1-1‘, a) * 10000 + 621355968000000000 extract(epoch from a::timestamp)*10000000+621355968000000000 cast(to_char(a,‘FF7‘) as number)
a.TimeOfDay timestampdiff(microsecond, date_format(a, ‘%Y-%m-%d‘), a) ‘1970-1-1 ‘ + convert(varchar, a, 14) extract(epoch from a::time)*1000000 a - trunc(a)
a.Year year(a) datepart(year, a) extract(year from a::timestamp)
a.Equals(b) a = b a = b a = b a = b
a.CompareTo(b) a - b a - b a - b a - b
a.ToString() date_format(a, ‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s.%f‘) convert(varchar, a, 121) to_char(a, ‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.US‘) to_char(a,‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6‘)

时间

表达式 MySql(微秒) SqlServer(秒) PostgreSQL(微秒) Oracle(Interval day(9) to second(7))
TimeSpan.Zero 0 0 - 0微秒
TimeSpan.MaxValue 922337203685477580 922337203685477580 - numtodsinterval(233720368.5477580,‘second‘)
TimeSpan.MinValue -922337203685477580 -922337203685477580 - numtodsinterval(-233720368.5477580,‘second‘)
TimeSpan.Compare(a, b) a - b a - b - extract(day from (a-b))
TimeSpan.Equals(a, b) a = b a = b - a = b
TimeSpan.FromDays(a) a * 1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24 a * 1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24 - numtodsinterval(a*86400,‘second‘)
TimeSpan.FromHours(a) a * 1000000 * 60 * 60 a * 1000000 * 60 * 60 - numtodsinterval(a*3600,‘second‘)
TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(a) a * 1000 a * 1000 - numtodsinterval(a/1000,‘second‘)
TimeSpan.FromMinutes(a) a * 1000000 * 60 a * 1000000 * 60 - numtodsinterval(a*60,‘second‘)
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(a) a * 1000000 a * 1000000 - numtodsinterval(a,‘second‘)
TimeSpan.FromTicks(a) a / 10 a / 10 - numtodsinterval(a/10000000,‘second‘)
a.Add(b) a + b a + b - a + b
a.Subtract(b) a - b a - b - a - b
a.CompareTo(b) a - b a - b - extract(day from (a-b))
a.Days a div (1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24) a div (1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24) - extract(day from a)
a.Hours a div (1000000 * 60 * 60) mod 24 a div (1000000 * 60 * 60) mod 24 - extract(hour from a)
a.Milliseconds a div 1000 mod 1000 a div 1000 mod 1000 - cast(substr(extract(second from a)-floor(extract(second from a)),2,3) as number)
a.Seconds a div 1000000 mod 60 a div 1000000 mod 60 - extract(second from a)
a.Ticks a * 10 a * 10 - (extract(day from a)86400+extract(hour from a)3600+extract(minute from a)60+extract(second from a))10000000
a.TotalDays a / (1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24) a / (1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24) - extract(day from a)
a.TotalHours a / (1000000 * 60 * 60) a / (1000000 * 60 * 60) - (extract(day from a)*24+extract(hour from a))
a.TotalMilliseconds a / 1000 a / 1000 - (extract(day from a)86400+extract(hour from a)3600+extract(minute from a)60+extract(second from a))1000
a.TotalMinutes a / (1000000 * 60) a / (1000000 * 60) -
a.TotalSeconds a / 1000000 a / 1000000 - (extract(day from a)86400+extract(hour from a)3600+extract(minute from a)*60+extract(second from a))
a.Equals(b) a = b a = b - a = b
a.ToString() cast(a as varchar) cast(a as varchar) - to_char(a)

数学函数

表达式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle
Math.Abs(a) abs(a) abs(a) abs(a)
Math.Acos(a) acos(a) acos(a) acos(a) acos(a)
Math.Asin(a) asin(a) asin(a) asin(a) asin(a)
Math.Atan(a) atan(a) atan(a) atan(a) atan(a)
Math.Atan2(a, b) atan2(a, b) atan2(a, b) atan2(a, b) -
Math.Ceiling(a) ceiling(a) ceiling(a) ceiling(a) ceil(a)
Math.Cos(a) cos(a) cos(a) cos(a) cos(a)
Math.Exp(a) exp(a) exp(a) exp(a) exp(a)
Math.Floor(a) floor(a) floor(a) floor(a) floor(a)
Math.Log(a) log(a) log(a) log(a) log(e,a)
Math.Log10(a) log10(a) log10(a) log10(a) log(10,a)
Math.PI(a) 3.1415926535897931 3.1415926535897931 3.1415926535897931 3.1415926535897931
Math.Pow(a, b) pow(a, b) power(a, b) pow(a, b) power(a, b)
Math.Round(a, b) round(a, b) round(a, b) round(a, b) round(a, b)
Math.Sign(a) sign(a) sign(a) sign(a) sign(a)
Math.Sin(a) sin(a) sin(a) sin(a) sin(a)
Math.Sqrt(a) sqrt(a) sqrt(a) sqrt(a) sqrt(a)
Math.Tan(a) tan(a) tan(a) tan(a) tan(a)
Math.Truncate(a) truncate(a, 0) floor(a) trunc(a, 0) trunc(a, 0)

类型转换

表达式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle Sqlite
Convert.ToBoolean(a) | bool.Parse(a) a not in (‘0‘,‘false‘) a not in (‘0‘,‘false‘) a::varchar not in (‘0‘,‘false‘,‘f‘,‘no‘) - a not in (‘0‘,‘false‘)
Convert.ToByte(a) | byte.Parse(a) cast(a as unsigned) cast(a as tinyint) a::int2 cast(a as number) cast(a as int2)
Convert.ToChar(a) substr(cast(a as char),1,1) substring(cast(a as nvarchar),1,1) substr(a::char,1,1) substr(to_char(a),1,1) substr(cast(a as character),1,1)
Convert.ToDateTime(a) | DateTime.Parse(a) cast(a as datetime) cast(a as datetime) a::timestamp to_timestamp(a,‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6‘) datetime(a)
Convert.ToDecimal(a) | decimal.Parse(a) cast(a as decimal(36,18)) cast(a as decimal(36,19)) a::numeric cast(a as number) cast(a as decimal(36,18))
Convert.ToDouble(a) | double.Parse(a) cast(a as decimal(32,16)) cast(a as decimal(32,16)) a::float8 cast(a as number) cast(a as double)
Convert.ToInt16(a) | short.Parse(a) cast(a as signed) cast(a as smallint) a::int2 cast(a as number) cast(a as smallint)
Convert.ToInt32(a) | int.Parse(a) cast(a as signed) cast(a as int) a::int4 cast(a as number) cast(a as smallint)
Convert.ToInt64(a) | long.Parse(a) cast(a as signed) cast(a as bigint) a::int8 cast(a as number) cast(a as smallint)
Convert.ToSByte(a) | sbyte.Parse(a) cast(a as signed) cast(a as tinyint) a::int2 cast(a as number) cast(a as smallint)
Convert.ToString(a) cast(a as decimal(14,7)) cast(a as decimal(14,7)) a::float4 to_char(a) cast(a as character)
Convert.ToSingle(a) | float.Parse(a) cast(a as char) cast(a as nvarchar) a::varchar cast(a as number) cast(a as smallint)
Convert.ToUInt16(a) | ushort.Parse(a) cast(a as unsigned) cast(a as smallint) a::int2 cast(a as number) cast(a as unsigned)
Convert.ToUInt32(a) | uint.Parse(a) cast(a as unsigned) cast(a as int) a::int4 cast(a as number) cast(a as decimal(10,0))
Convert.ToUInt64(a) | ulong.Parse(a) cast(a as unsigned) cast(a as bigint) a::int8 cast(a as number) cast(a as decimal(21,0))
Guid.Parse(a) substr(cast(a as char),1,36) cast(a as uniqueidentifier) a::uuid substr(to_char(a),1,36) substr(cast(a as character),1,36)
Guid.NewGuid() - newid() - - -
new Random().NextDouble() rand() rand() random() dbms_random.value random()

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/FreeSql/p/11531425.html

时间: 2024-07-30 19:52:14

FreeSql (二十九)Lambda 表达式的相关文章

javaweb学习总结(二十九)——EL表达式

一.EL表达式简介 EL 全名为Expression Language.EL主要作用: 1.获取数据 EL表达式主要用于替换JSP页面中的脚本表达式,以从各种类型的web域 中检索java对象.获取数据.(某个web域 中的对象,访问javabean的属性.访问list集合.访问map集合.访问数组) 2.执行运算 利用EL表达式可以在JSP页面中执行一些基本的关系运算.逻辑运算和算术运算,以在JSP页面中完成一些简单的逻辑运算.${user==null} 3.获取web开发常用对象 EL 表达

攻城狮在路上(叁)Linux(二十九)--- 完整备份工具:dump以及restore

一.dump命令: 该命令既可以针对整个文件系统进行备份,也可以仅针对目录来备份.还可以指定不同的备份等级(-0~-9共10个等级). dump -W:列出在/etc/fstab中具有dump设置的分区是否备份过. 命令格式: dump [-Suvj] [-level] [-f 备份文件] 待备份数据 参数说明: -S:仅列出后面的待备份数据所需要的磁盘空间大小. -u:将这次dump的时间记录到/etc/dumpdates文件中. -v:将dump的文件过程显示出来. -j:加入bzip2的支

企业搜索引擎开发之连接器connector(二十九)

在哪里调用监控器管理对象snapshotRepositoryMonitorManager的start方法及stop方法,然后又在哪里调用CheckpointAndChangeQueue对象的resume方法获取List<CheckpointAndChange> guaranteedChanges集合 下面跟踪到DiffingConnectorTraversalManager类的相关方法,在该类实现的方法中,调用了监控器管理对象snapshotRepositoryMonitorManager的相

Android学习笔记二十九之SwipeRefreshLayout、RecyclerView和CardView

Android学习笔记二十九之SwipeRefreshLayout.RecyclerView和CardView 前面我们介绍了AlertDialog和几个常用的Dialog,ProgressDialog进度条提示框.DatePickerDialog日期选择对话框和TimePickerDialog时间选择对话框.这一节我们介绍几个新的API控件SwipeRefreshLayout.RecyclerView和CardView,这几个API控件都是google在Android5.0推出的.下面我们来学

[原创]ActionScript3游戏中的图像编程(连载二十九)

2.2.2 Photoshop投影大小的模拟 投影没有之前那么浓了,但是跟Photoshop里的效果差别还挺大,因为在Photoshop里我们还设置了另外一个属性:大小. Flash里似乎找不到它的影子,我们用排除法来进行定位,Photoshop投影样式的大小属性以像素为单位,Flash投影滤镜的选项只有距离和那对被“手铐”扣住的模糊属性符合条件,而Photoshop里也有一个距离,所以我们定位到模糊属性(图 2.15). 图 2.15 Flash投影的模糊属性 分别调整Photoshop的大小

Welcome to Swift (苹果官方Swift文档初译与注解二十九)---209~218页(第四章-- 流程控制)

Break break语句会立刻结束整个流程控制的执行.break语句可以在switch语句或者循环语句中帮助你提前结束循环或者switch的执行. Break in a Loop Statement  (循环语句中的break) 当在循环语句中使用break,会立刻结束循环的执行,并且跳转到循环体之后的第一行代码.循环不会再遍历执行了. Break in a Switch Statement (switch语句的break) 当在switch语句中使用break,break会立刻结速switc

每日算法之二十九:Search in Rotated Sorted Array

在一个经过旋转后的有序数组中查找一个目标元素. Suppose a sorted array is rotated at some pivot unknown to you beforehand. (i.e., 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 might become 4 5 6 7 0 1 2). You are given a target value to search. If found in the array return its index, otherwise return -1.

ActionScript3游戏中的图像编程(连载二十九)

2.2.2 Photoshop投影大小的模拟 投影没有之前那么浓了,但是跟Photoshop里的效果差别还挺大,因为在Photoshop里我们还设置了另外一个属性:大小. Flash里似乎找不到它的影子,我们用排除法来进行定位,Photoshop投影样式的大小属性以像素为单位,Flash投影滤镜的选项只有距离和那对被"手铐"扣住的模糊属性符合条件,而Photoshop里也有一个距离,所以我们定位到模糊属性(图 2.15). 图 2.15 Flash投影的模糊属性 分别调整Photosh

【Unity 3D】学习笔记二十九:游戏实例——简单小地图制作

任何的学习,光看不练是学不好的.所以这次就总结回顾下怎么制作MMROPG类游戏中的小地图.在MMROPG类游戏里,主角在游戏世界里走动时,一般在屏幕右上角都会有一个区域来显示当前游戏场景的小地图.主角在游戏世界里走动,小地图里代表着主角的小标记也会随之移动.那怎么实现咧? 首先需要确定两个贴图,第一个是右上角的小地图背景贴图,应该是从Y轴俯视向下截取主角所在的位置大地图.第二个就是主角的位置大贴图.在本例中,因为没有学习unity地图制作,所以地图用一个面对象代替,主角用立方体代替,使用GUI来

二十九、linux常用命令(一)

vim是打开vim编辑器,别的编辑器还有vi(功能没有vim 强大),nano,emacs等等,感觉还是vim最强大,其次是vi,别的就要差一些了. 我听我们老师说,用图形界面本身已经会被高手笑了,如果打开一个gpedit或者kwrite那就废了......常用的命令 ls,列出当前目录下的文件,ls -l是列出详细信息,ls -a列出隐藏文件. cd,更改目录.clear,清屏命令.reset,重置终端. startx,启动图形界面.fdisk -l,查看硬盘分区. ps aux,列出系统进程