Python文档生成工具pydoc

在Python中有很多很好的工具来生成字符串文档(docstring)，比如说: epydoc、doxygen、sphinx，但始终觉得pydoc还是不错的工具，用法非常简单，功能也算不错，本文主要介绍pydoc.

pydoc是Python自带的模块，主要用于从python模块中自动生成文档，这些文档可以基于文本呈现的、也可以生成WEB 页面的，还可以在服务器上以浏览器的方式呈现！

【用法】

Windows下:

D:\>python -m pydoc <modulename>   # 比如说: python -m pydoc math  

-m参数:Python以脚本的方法运行模块

Linux/Unix下:

$ pydoc <modulename>               # 比如说: pydoc 

【帮助】

$ pydoc -h
pydoc - the Python documentation tool

pydoc <name> ...
    Show text documentation on something.  <name> may be the name of a
    Python keyword, topic, function, module, or package, or a dotted
    reference to a class or function within a module or module in a
    package.  If <name> contains a '/', it is used as the path to a
    Python source file to document. If name is 'keywords', 'topics',
    or 'modules', a listing of these things is displayed.

pydoc -k <keyword>
    Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules.

pydoc -p <port>
    Start an HTTP server on the given port on the local machine.

pydoc -w <name> ...
    Write out the HTML documentation for a module to a file in the current
    directory.  If <name> contains a '/', it is treated as a filename; if
    it names a directory, documentation is written for all the contents.

【参数
-p】在本地机器上，按照给定的端口启动HTTP，

D:\>python -m pydoc -p 1234 #比如说: 端口为1234

pydoc server ready at http://localhost:1234/

pydoc server stopped

在IE中输入:http://localhost:1234/，效果如图:

【参数 -k】在所有可用的模块中按关键字搜索

$ pydoc -k xml.sax
xml.sax (package) - Simple API for XML (SAX) implementation for Python.
xml.sax._exceptions - Different kinds of SAX Exceptions
xml.sax.expatreader - SAX driver for the pyexpat C module.  This driver works with
xml.sax.handler - This module contains the core classes of version  2.0 of SAX for Python.
xml.sax.saxutils - A library of useful helper classes to the SAX classes, for the
xml.sax.xmlreader - An XML Reader is the SAX 2 name for an XML parser. XML Parsers

【参数 -w】将指定模块的文本字符串生成HTML格式

比如说，在Window下面，执行下面命令:

D:\Learn\Python>python -m pydoc math -w math.html  # math是模块名，-w:写

那么在D:\Learn\Python目录下会生成math.html文件，显示如下:

因为是自带的模块，所以右上角显示(built-in)字样

【例子】自写的模块my_doc.py

'''
Showoff features of Pydoc module
This is easy module to demonstrate docstrings
'''
__authors__  = 'Alice & Fred'
__version__  = 'version 1.10'
__license__  = 'Copyright...'

class MyClass:
    '''
    Demonstrate Class Docstrings

    '''
    def __init__(self, spam=1, eggs=2):
        '''
        Set the default attributevalues only
        Keyword arguments:
        spam - a processed meat product
        eggs - a fine breakfast for lumberjacks
        '''
        self.spam = spam
        self.eggs = eggs

def square(x):
    '''
    Square of the param <x>
    '''
    return x * x

执行命令:

D:\Learn\Python> python -m pydoc my_doc

执行结果:

Help on module my_doc:

NAME
    my_doc

FILE
    d:\learn\python\my_doc.py

DESCRIPTION
    Showoff features of Pydoc module
    This is easy module to demonstrate docstrings

CLASSES
    MyClass

    class MyClass
     |  Demonstrate Class Docstrings
     |
     |  Methods defined here:
     |
     |  __init__(self, spam=1, eggs=2)
     |      Set the default attributevalues only
     |      Keyword arguments:
     |      spam - a processed meat product
     |      eggs - a fine breakfast for lumberjacks

FUNCTIONS
    square(x)
        Square of the param <x>

DATA
    __authors__ = 'Alice & Fred'
    __license__ = 'Copyright...'
    __version__ = 'version 1.10'

VERSION
    version 1.10

执行命令:

d:\Learn\Python>python -m pydoc -w my_doc my_doc.html
wrote my_doc.html
no Python documentation found for 'my_doc.html'

执行结果:

官方文档:

https://docs.python.org/2/library/pydoc.html