[转] spring事务管理几种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

  根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

Xml代码  

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11. <bean id="sessionFactory"
12. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
13. <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
14. <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
15. </bean>
16. <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
17. <bean id="transactionManager"
18. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
19. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
20. </bean>
21. <!-- 配置DAO -->
22. <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
23. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
24. </bean>
25. <bean id="userDao"
26. class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
27. <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
28. <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
29. <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
30. <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
31. <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
32. <property name="transactionAttributes">
33. <props>
34. <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
35. </props>
36. </property>
37. </bean>
38. </beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

Xml代码  

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11. <bean id="sessionFactory"
12. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
13. <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
14. <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
15. </bean>
16. <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
17. <bean id="transactionManager"
18. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
19. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
20. </bean>
21. <bean id="transactionBase"
22. class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
23. lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
24. <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
25. <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
26. <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
27. <property name="transactionAttributes">
28. <props>
29. <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
30. </props>
31. </property>
32. </bean>
33. <!-- 配置DAO -->
34. <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
35. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
36. </bean>
37. <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >
38. <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
39. </bean>
40. </beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

Xml代码  

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11. <bean id="sessionFactory"
12. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
13. <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
14. <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
15. </bean>
16. <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
17. <bean id="transactionManager"
18. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
19. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
20. </bean>
21. <bean id="transactionInterceptor"
22. class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
23. <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
24. <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
25. <property name="transactionAttributes">
26. <props>
27. <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
28. </props>
29. </property>
30. </bean>
31. <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
32. <property name="beanNames">
33. <list>
34. <value>*Dao</value>
35. </list>
36. </property>
37. <property name="interceptorNames">
38. <list>
39. <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
40. </list>
41. </property>
42. </bean>
43. <!-- 配置DAO -->
44. <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
45. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
46. </bean>
47. </beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

Xml代码  

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
13. <context:annotation-config />
14. <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
15. <bean id="sessionFactory"
16. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
17. <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
18. <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
19. </bean>
20. <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
21. <bean id="transactionManager"
22. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
23. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
24. </bean>
25. <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
26. <tx:attributes>
27. <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
28. </tx:attributes>
29. </tx:advice>
30. <aop:config>
31. <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
32. expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
33. <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
34. pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
35. </aop:config>
36. </beans>

第五种方式：全注解

Xml代码  

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
13. <context:annotation-config />
14. <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
15. <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
16. <bean id="sessionFactory"
17. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
18. <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
19. <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
20. </bean>
21. <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
22. <bean id="transactionManager"
23. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
24. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
25. </bean>
26. </beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下

Java代码  

1. package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
2. import java.util.List;
3. import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
4. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
5. import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
7. import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
8. @Transactional
9. @Component("userDao")
10. public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
11. public List<User> listUsers() {
12. return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
13. }
14. }