压缩命令: compress gzip bzip2 xz 等
解压缩命令: uncompress gunzip bunzip2 unxz 等
打包(归档)命令: tar cpio
其中compress、gzip、bzip2和xz只能用于单个压缩文件,不能用于压缩目录
compress: .Z 最古老的压缩命令
compress /PATH/TO/FILENAME -----> FILENAME.Z
uncompress FILENAME.Z
gzip: .gz
gzip /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE: 压缩完成后会删除原文件
-d: decompress
-#:1-9,指定压缩比,默认是6;
gunzip 相当于 gzip -d
zcat 将信息解压到stdout压缩文件没有发生改变。
即不解压的情况,查看文本文件的内容。
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.2M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
[[email protected] tar]# gzip messages
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 152K
-rw-------. 1 root root 152K Aug 12 10:44 messages.gz
[[email protected] tar]# gunzip messages.gz
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.2M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
[[email protected] tar]# gzip messages
[[email protected] tar]# gzip -d messages.gz
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.2M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
[[email protected] tar]# gzip messages
[[email protected] tar]# zcat messages.gz | wc -l
14026
bzip2: .bz2
比gzip有着更大压缩比的压缩工具,使用格式近似
bzip2 /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE
-d
-#: 1-9,默认是6
-k: 压缩时保留原文件
bunzip2 /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.bz2
bzcat decompresses files to stdout
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 56K -------比gzip压缩能力更强大。
-rw-------. 1 root root 55K Aug 12 10:44 messages.bz2
[[email protected] tar]# bzip2 -k messages
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.2M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-------. 1 root root 55K Aug 12 10:44 messages.bz2
xz: .xz
xz /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE
-d
-#: 1-9, 默认是6
-k: 压缩时保留原文件
unxz is equivalent to xz --decompress.
xzcat/xzdec is equivalent to xz --decompress --stdout.
[[email protected] tar]# xz messages
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 36K ------------------压缩能力更强
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
[[email protected] tar]# xz -dk messages.xz
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.2M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
[[email protected] tar]# unxz messages.xz -k
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.2M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
zip - package and compress (archive) files
zip: 既归档又压缩的工具 众多OS默认支持此功能
zip is a compression and file packaging utility for Unix, VMS,
MSDOS, OS/2, Windows 9x/NT/XP, Minix, Atari, Macintosh, Amiga, and
Acorn RISC OS. It is analogous to a combination of the Unix com-
mands tar(1) and compress(1) and is compatible with PKZIP (Phil
Katz’s ZIP for MSDOS systems).
zip FILENAME.zip FILE1 FILE2 ...: 压缩后不删除原文件
unzip FILENAME.zip
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.2M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
[[email protected] tar]# zip messages.zip messages*
adding: messages (deflated 87%)
adding: messages.xz (deflated 0%)
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.4M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186K Aug 12 11:33 messages.zip
[[email protected] tar]# unzip messages.zip
Archive: messages.zip
replace messages? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y
inflating: messages
replace messages.xz? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y
inflating: messages.xz
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.4M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186K Aug 12 11:33 messages.zip
archive: 归档,归档本身并不意味着压缩
tar: .tar 归档工具
GNU ‘tar’ saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive,
and can restore individual files from the archive.
-c: 创建归档文件
-f FILE.tar: 归档文件(目的文件) use archive file or device ARCHIVE
-x: 展开归档 extract files from an archive
--xattrs: 归档时,保留文件的扩展属性信息
-t: 不展开归档,直接查看归档了哪些文件 --list list the contents of an archive
-v, --verbose
verbosely list files processed
-z, --gzip
filter the archive through gzip
-zcf: 归档并调用gzip压缩
-zxf: 调用gzip解压缩并展开归档,-z选项可省略
-j, --bzip2
filter the archive through bzip2
-jcf: bzip2
-jxf: 调用bzip2解压缩并展开归档,-z选项可省略
-J, --xz
filter the archive through xz
-Jcf: xz rhel6
-Jxf:
tar -cf archive.tar foo bar
# Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
tar -tvf archive.tar
# List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
tar -xf archive.tar
# Extract all files from archive.tar.
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.4M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186K Aug 12 11:33 messages.zip
[[email protected] tar]# tar -cf messeages.tar messages*
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 2.7M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186K Aug 12 11:33 messages.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.4M Aug 12 11:57 messeages.tar
[[email protected] tar]# tar -xvf messeages.tar
messages
messages.xz
messages.zip
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 2.7M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186K Aug 12 11:33 messages.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.4M Aug 12 11:57 messeages.tar
[[email protected] tar]# rm -f messages.tar
[[email protected] tar]# tar -zcvf messages.tar.gz mess*
messages
messages.xz
messages.zip
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.7M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 362K Aug 12 12:26 messages.tar.gz
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186K Aug 12 12:17 messages.zip
messages
messages.xz
messages.zip
[[email protected] tar]# ls -lh
total 1.7M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.2M Aug 12 10:44 messages
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 362K Aug 12 12:26 messages.tar.gz
-rw-------. 1 root root 34K Aug 12 10:44 messages.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186K Aug 12 12:17 messages.zip
...
cpio - copy files to and from archives
[[email protected] tar]# cp /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img .
[[email protected] tar]# file /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img
/boot/initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img: gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Wed Jan 6 08:43:04 2016, max compression
[[email protected] tar]# mv initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img.gz
[[email protected] tar]# gzip -d initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img.gz
[[email protected] tar]# file initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img
initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)