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大纲:
一、简介
二、Logstash
三、Redis
四、Elasticsearch
五、Kinaba
一、简介
1、核心组成
ELK由Elasticsearch、Logstash和Kibana三部分组件组成;
Elasticsearch是个开源分布式搜索引擎,它的特点有:分布式,零配置,自动发现,索引自动分片,索引副本机制,restful风格接口,多数据源,自动搜索负载等。
Logstash是一个完全开源的工具,它可以对你的日志进行收集、分析,并将其存储供以后使用
kibana 是一个开源和免费的工具,它可以为 Logstash 和 ElasticSearch 提供的日志分析友好的 Web 界面,可以帮助您汇总、分析和搜索重要数据日志。
2、四大组件
Logstash: logstash server端用来搜集日志;
Elasticsearch: 存储各类日志;
Kibana: web化接口用作查寻和可视化日志;
Logstash Forwarder: logstash client端用来通过lumberjack 网络协议发送日志到logstash server;
3、ELK工作流程
在需要收集日志的所有服务上部署logstash,作为logstash agent(logstash shipper)用于监控并过滤收集日志,将过滤后的内容发送到Redis,然后logstash indexer将日志收集在一起交给全文搜索服务ElasticSearch,可以用ElasticSearch进行自定义搜索通过Kibana 来结合自定义搜索进行页面展示。
4、ELK的帮助手册
ELK官网:https://www.elastic.co/
ELK官网文档:https://www.elastic.co/guide/index.html
ELK中文手册:http://kibana.logstash.es/content/elasticsearch/monitor/logging.html
注释
ELK有两种安装方式
(1)集成环境:Logstash有一个集成包,里面包括了其全套的三个组件;也就是安装一个集成包。
(2)独立环境:三个组件分别单独安装、运行、各司其职。(比较常用)
本实验也以第二种方式独立环境来进行演示;单机版主机地址为:192.168.1.104
二、Logstash
1、安装jdk
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Logstash的运行依赖于Java运行环境。
# yum -y install java-1.8.0
# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_51"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_51-b16)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.51-b03, mixed mode)
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2、安装logstash
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# wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/logstash-1.5.4.tar.gz
# tar zxf logstash-1.5.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
配置logstash的环境变量
# echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/logstash-1.5.4/bin" > /etc/profile.d/logstash.sh
# . /etc/profile
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3、logstash常用参数
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-e :指定logstash的配置信息,可以用于快速测试;
-f :指定logstash的配置文件;可以用于生产环境;
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4、启动logstash
4.1 通过-e参数指定logstash的配置信息,用于快速测试,直接输出到屏幕。
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# logstash -e "input {stdin{}} output {stdout{}}"
my name is zhengyansheng. // 手动输入后回车,等待10秒后会有返回结果
Logstash startup completed
2015-10-08T13:55:50.660Z 0.0.0.0 my name is zhengyansheng.
这种输出是直接原封不动的返回...
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4.2 通过-e参数指定logstash的配置信息,用于快速测试,以json格式输出到屏幕。
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# logstash -e ‘input{stdin{}}output{stdout{codec=>rubydebug}}‘
my name is zhengyansheng. // 手动输入后回车,等待10秒后会有返回结果
Logstash startup completed
{
"message" => "my name is zhengyansheng." ,
"@version" => "1" ,
"@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T13:57:31.851Z" ,
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
这种输出是以json格式的返回...
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5、logstash以配置文件方式启动
5.1 输出信息到屏幕
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# vim logstash-simple.conf
input { stdin {} }
output {
stdout { codec=> rubydebug }
}
# logstash -f logstash-simple.conf //普通方式启动
Logstash startup completed
# logstash agent -f logstash-simple.conf --verbose //开启debug模式
Pipeline started {:level=>:info}
Logstash startup completed
hello world. // 手动输入hello world.
{
"message" => "hello world." ,
"@version" => "1" ,
"@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:01:43.724Z" ,
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
效果同命令行配置参数一样...
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5.2 logstash输出信息存储到redis数据库中
刚才我们是将信息直接显示在屏幕上了,现在我们将logstash的输出信息保存到redis数据库中,如下
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前提是本地(192.168.1.104)有redis数据库,那么下一步我们就是安装redis数据库.
# cat logstash_to_redis.conf
input { stdin { } }
output {
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
redis {
host => ‘192.168.1.104‘
data_type => ‘list‘
key => ‘logstash:redis‘
}
}
如果提示Failed to send event to Redis,表示连接Redis失败或者没有安装,请检查...
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6、 查看logstash的监听端口号
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# logstash agent -f logstash_to_redis.conf --verbose
# netstat -tnlp |grep java
tcp 0 0 :::9301 :::* LISTEN 1326 /java
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三、Redis
1、安装Redis
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wget http: //download .redis.io /releases/redis-2 .8.19. tar .gz
yum install tcl -y
tar zxf redis-2.8.19. tar .gz
cd redis-2.8.19
make MALLOC=libc
make test // 这一步时间会稍久点...
make install
cd utils/
. /install_server .sh // 脚本执行后,所有选项都以默认参数为准即可
Welcome to the redis service installer
This script will help you easily set up a running redis server
Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379]
Selecting default: 6379
Please select the redis config file name [ /etc/redis/6379 .conf]
Selected default - /etc/redis/6379 .conf
Please select the redis log file name [ /var/log/redis_6379 .log]
Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379 .log
Please select the data directory for this instance [ /var/lib/redis/6379 ]
Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379
Please select the redis executable path [ /usr/local/bin/redis-server ]
Selected config:
Port : 6379
Config file : /etc/redis/6379 .conf
Log file : /var/log/redis_6379 .log
Data dir : /var/lib/redis/6379
Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-server
Cli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
Is this ok? Then press ENTER to go on or Ctrl-C to abort.
Copied /tmp/6379 .conf => /etc/init .d /redis_6379
Installing service...
Successfully added to chkconfig!
Successfully added to runlevels 345!
Starting Redis server...
Installation successful!
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2、查看redis的监控端口
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# netstat -tnlp |grep redis
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3843 /redis-server *
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:21365 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2290 /src/redis-serv
tcp 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN 3843 /redis-server *
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3、测试redis是否正常工作
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# cd redis-2.8.19/src/
# ./redis-cli -h 192.168.1.104 -p 6379 //连接redis
192.168.1.104:6379> ping
PONG
192.168.1.104:6379> set name zhengyansheng
OK
192.168.1.104:6379> get name
"zhengyansheng"
192.168.1.104:6379> quit
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4、redis服务启动命令
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# ps -ef |grep redis
root 3963 1 0 08:42 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/redis-server *:6379
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5、redis的动态监控
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# cd redis-2.8.19/src/
# ./redis-cli monitor //reids动态监控
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6、logstash结合redis工作
6.1 首先确认redis服务是启动的
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# netstat -tnlp |grep redis
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3843 /redis-server *
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:21365 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2290 /src/redis-serv
tcp 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN 3843 /redis-server *
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6.2 启动redis动态监控
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# cd redis-2.8.19/src/
# ./redis-cli monitor
OK
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6.3 基于入口redis启动logstash
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# cat logstash_to_redis.conf
input { stdin { } }
output {
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
redis {
host => ‘192.168.1.104‘
data_type => ‘list‘
key => ‘logstash:redis‘
}
}
# logstash agent -f logstash_to_redis.conf --verbose
Pipeline started {:level=>:info}
Logstash startup completed
dajihao linux
{
"message" => "dajihao linux" ,
"@version" => "1" ,
"@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:42:07.550Z" ,
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
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6.4 查看redis的监控接口上的输出
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# ./redis-cli monitor
OK
1444315328.103928 [0 192.168.1.104:56211] "rpush" "logstash:redis" "{\"message\":\"dajihao linux\",\"@version\":\"1\",\"@timestamp\":\"2015-10-08T14:42:07.550Z\",\"host\":\"0.0.0.0\"}"
如果redis的监控上也有以上信息输出,表明logstash和redis的结合是正常的。
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四、Elasticsearch
1、安装Elasticsearch
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# wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gz
# tar zxf elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
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2、修改elasticsearch配置文件elasticsearch.yml并且做以下修改.
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# vim /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/config/elasticsearch.yml
discovery.zen. ping .multicast.enabled: false #关闭广播,如果局域网有机器开9300 端口,服务会启动不了
network.host: 192.168.1.104 #指定主机地址,其实是可选的,但是最好指定因为后面跟kibana集成的时候会报http连接出错(直观体现好像是监听了:::9200 而不是0.0.0.0:9200)
http.cors.allow-origin: "/.*/"
http.cors.enabled: true #这2项都是解决跟kibana集成的问题,错误体现是 你的 elasticsearch 版本过低,其实不是
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3、启动elasticsearch服务
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# /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch #日志会输出到stdout
# /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch -d #表示以daemon的方式启动
# nohup /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch > /var/log/logstash.log 2>&1 &
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4、查看elasticsearch的监听端口
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# netstat -tnlp |grep java
tcp 0 0 :::9200 :::* LISTEN 7407 /java
tcp 0 0 :::9300 :::* LISTEN 7407 /java
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5、elasticsearch和logstash结合
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将logstash的信息输出到elasticsearch中
# cat logstash-elasticsearch.conf
input { stdin {} }
output {
elasticsearch { host => "192.168.1.104" }
stdout { codec=> rubydebug }
}
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6、基于配置文件启动logstash
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# /usr/local/logstash-1.5.4/bin/logstash agent -f logstash-elasticsearch.conf
Pipeline started {:level=>:info}
Logstash startup completed
python linux java c++ // 手动输入
{
"message" => "python linux java c++" ,
"@version" => "1" ,
"@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:51:56.899Z" ,
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
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7、curl命令发送请求来查看elasticsearch是否接收到了数据
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# curl http://localhost:9200/_search?pretty
{
"took" : 28,
"timed_out" : false ,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [ {
"_index" : "logstash-2015.10.08" ,
"_type" : "logs" ,
"_id" : "AVBH7-6MOwimSJSPcXjb" ,
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" :{ "message" : "python linux java c++" , "@version" : "1" , "@timestamp" : "2015-10-08T14:51:56.899Z" , "host" : "0.0.0.0" }
} ]
}
}
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8、安装elasticsearch插件
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#Elasticsearch-kopf插件可以查询Elasticsearch中的数据,安装elasticsearch-kopf,只要在你安装Elasticsearch的目录中执行以下命令即可:
# cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/
# ./plugin install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf
-> Installing lmenezes /elasticsearch-kopf ...
Trying https: //github .com /lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master .zip...
Downloading .............................................................................................
Installed lmenezes /elasticsearch-kopf into /usr/local/elasticsearch-1 .7.2 /plugins/kopf
执行插件安装后会提示失败,很有可能是网络等情况...
-> Installing lmenezes /elasticsearch-kopf ...
Trying https: //github .com /lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master .zip...
Failed to install lmenezes /elasticsearch-kopf , reason: failed to download out of all possible locations..., use --verbose to get detailed information
解决办法就是手动下载该软件,不通过插件安装命令...
cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1 .7.2 /plugins
wget https: //github .com /lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master .zip
unzip master.zip
mv elasticsearch-kopf-master kopf
以上操作就完全等价于插件的安装命令
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9、浏览器访问kopf页面访问elasticsearch保存的数据
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# netstat -tnlp |grep java
tcp 0 0 :::9200 :::* LISTEN 7969 /java
tcp 0 0 :::9300 :::* LISTEN 7969 /java
tcp 0 0 :::9301 :::* LISTEN 8015 /java
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10、从redis数据库中读取然后输出到elasticsearch中
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# cat logstash-redis.conf
input {
redis {
host => ‘192.168.1.104‘ # 我方便测试没有指定password,最好指定password
data_type => ‘list‘
port => "6379"
key => ‘logstash:redis‘ #自定义
type => ‘redis-input‘ #自定义
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
host => "192.168.1.104"
codec => "json"
protocol => "http" #版本1.0+ 必须指定协议http
}
}
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五、Kinaba
1、安装Kinaba
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# wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz
# tar zxf kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
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2、修改kinaba配置文件kinaba.yml
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# vim /usr/local/kibana- 4.1 . 2 -linux-x64/config/kibana.yml
elasticsearch_url: "http://192.168.1.104:9200"
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3、启动kinaba
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/usr/local/kibana-4 .1.2-linux-x64 /bin/kibana
输出以下信息,表明kinaba成功.
{ "name" : "Kibana" , "hostname" : "localhost.localdomain" , "pid" :1943, "level" :30, "msg" : "No existing kibana index found" , "time" : "2015-10-08T00:39:21.617Z" , "v" :0}
{ "name" : "Kibana" , "hostname" : "localhost.localdomain" , "pid" :1943, "level" :30, "msg" : "Listening on 0.0.0.0:5601" , "time" : "2015-10-08T00:39:21.637Z" , "v" :0}
kinaba默认监听在本地的5601端口上
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4、浏览器访问kinaba
4.1 使用默认的logstash-*的索引名称,并且是基于时间的,点击“Create”即可。
4.2 看到如下界面说明索引创建完成。
4.3 点击“Discover”,可以搜索和浏览Elasticsearch中的数据。
>>>结束<<<
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1、ELK默认端口号
elasticsearch:9200 9300
logstash : 9301
kinaba : 5601
2、错误汇总
(1)java版本过低
[2015-10-07 18:39:18.071] WARN -- Concurrent: [DEPRECATED] Java 7 is deprecated, please use Java 8.
(2)Kibana提示Elasticsearch版本过低...
This version of Kibana requires Elasticsearch 2.0.0 or higher on all nodes. I found the following incompatible nodes in your cluster:
Elasticsearch v1.7.2 @ inet[ /192 .168.1.104:9200] (127.0.0.1)
解决办法:
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软件包以打包上传:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hqfeFvY
本文出自 “郑彦生” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://467754239.blog.51cto.com/4878013/1700828
时间: 2024-10-05 17:40:58