学习linux命令的是LINUX 的基础，相信很多人N多年前就知道这个命令，学习额时候也用过它，但是久而久之这个命令就淡出了我们的视野！在实际的工作中有时候会遗忘它，终其主要原因是字实际应用中运用的不够多！
今天介绍个特别有用的命令，strace，可以跟踪程序的执行调用过程，它可以给你提供程序执行错误的相关信息！
1.
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[email protected]:~$ which strace /usr/bin/strace [email protected]:~$ strace -V strace -- version 4.5.20 [email protected]:~$ strace -v usage: strace [-dffhiqrtttTvVxx] [-a column] [-e expr] ... [-o file] [-p pid] ... [-s strsize] [-u username] [-E var=val] ... [command [arg ...]] or: strace -c -D [-e expr] ... [-O overhead] [-S sortby] [-E var=val] ... [command [arg ...]] -c -- count time, calls, and errors for each syscall and report summary -f -- follow forks, -ff -- with output into separate files -F -- attempt to follow vforks, -h -- print help message -i -- print instruction pointer at time of syscall -q -- suppress messages about attaching, detaching, etc. -r -- print relative timestamp, -t -- absolute timestamp, -tt -- with usecs -T -- print time spent in each syscall, -V -- print version -v -- verbose mode: print unabbreviated argv, stat, termio[s], etc. args -x -- print non-ascii strings in hex, -xx -- print all strings in hex -a column -- alignment COLUMN for printing syscall results (default 40) -e expr -- a qualifying expression: option=[!]all or option=[!]val1[,val2]... options: trace, abbrev, verbose, raw, signal, read, or write -o file -- send trace output to FILE instead of stderr -O overhead -- set overhead for tracing syscalls to OVERHEAD usecs -p pid -- trace process with process id PID, may be repeated -D -- run tracer process as a detached grandchild, not as parent -s strsize -- limit length of print strings to STRSIZE chars (default 32) -S sortby -- sort syscall counts by: time, calls, name, nothing (default time) -u username -- run command as username handling setuid and/or setgid -E var=val -- put var=val in the environment for command -E var -- remove var from the environment for command |
2.
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Test.c代码 #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { printf("hi,strace test 20150814\n"); return 0; } |
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[email protected]:~/linux_c$ touch test.c [email protected]:~/linux_c$ vi test.c [email protected]:~/linux_c$ gcc -g test.c li[email protected]:~/linux_c$ ./a.out hi,strace test 20150814 [email protected]:~/linux_c$ strace a.out strace: a.out: command not found [email protected]:~/linux_c$ strace ./a.out execve("./a.out", ["./a.out"], [/* 37 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x9a21000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap2(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7782000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=74329, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 74329, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb776f000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0000\226\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1713640, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 1723100, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb75ca000 mmap2(0xb7769000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x19f) = 0xb7769000 mmap2(0xb776c000, 10972, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb776c000 close(3) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb75c9000 set_thread_area({entry_number:-1 -> 6, base_addr:0xb75c9900, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}) = 0 mprotect(0xb7769000, 8192, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x8049000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0xb77a5000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 munmap(0xb776f000, 74329) = 0 fstat64(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 2), ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7781000 write(1, "hi,strace test 20150814\n", 24hi,strace test 20150814 ) = 24 exit_group(0) = ? [email protected]:~/linux_c$ |
3.
strace案例
用strace调试程序例子
http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2012/01/08/2316692.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/bangerlee/archive/2012/02/20/2356818.html
http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/a3761b2bb92d2d1576f9aa05.html
4.
编译strace ，最新版strace-4.10
http://sourceforge.net/projects/strace/
编译
授人以鱼不如授人以渔
先看readme 提示编译安装查看 install文件
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[email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ ./configure --help `configure‘ configures strace 4.10 to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... |
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[email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ ./configure -V strace configure 4.10 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it. |
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generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 别小看这句话，这句话告诉你configure是按照Autoconf库创建出来的，有标准通用参数 如以下： |
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[email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ ./configure CC=/usr/bin/gcc [email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ make .o strace-utimes.o strace-v4l2.o strace-vsprintf.o strace-wait.o strace-xattr.o make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘ make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘ [email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ make install make install-recursive make[1]: Entering directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘ Making install in tests make[2]: Entering directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10/tests‘ make[3]: Entering directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10/tests‘ make[3]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am‘. make[3]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am‘. make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10/tests‘ make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10/tests‘ make[2]: Entering directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘ make[3]: Entering directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘ /bin/mkdir -p ‘/usr/local/bin‘ /usr/bin/install -c strace ‘/usr/local/bin‘ /usr/bin/install: cannot create regular file `/usr/local/bin/strace‘: Permission denied make[3]: *** [install-binPROGRAMS] Error 1 make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘ make[2]: *** [install-am] Error 2 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘ make[1]: *** [install-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘ make: *** [install] Error 2 [email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ file strace strace: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=0x06f3c3b4e130a4374122afc287fb62d41ce3f644, not stripped |
Openwrt编译mips –el 编译器
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[email protected]:~/mt7688/openwrt-3.10.14/bin/ramips$ ls -l total 49040 -rw-r--r-- 1 linux linux 360 Aug 14 16:41 md5sums -rw-r--r-- 1 linux linux 3407876 Aug 14 16:41 openwrt-ramips-mt7628-mt7628-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 linux linux 1966080 Aug 14 16:41 openwrt-ramips-mt7628-root.squashfs -rw-r--r-- 1 linux linux 1267526 Aug 14 16:41 openwrt-ramips-mt7628-uImage.bin -rwxr-xr-x 1 linux linux 3750544 Aug 14 16:41 openwrt-ramips-mt7628-vmlinux.bin -rwxr-xr-x 1 linux linux 3816984 Aug 14 16:41 openwrt-ramips-mt7628-vmlinux.elf -rw-r--r-- 1 linux linux 36051998 Aug 14 16:42 OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2.tar.bz2 drwxr-xr-x 5 linux linux 4096 Aug 7 16:39 packages [email protected]:~/mt7688/openwrt-3.10.14/bin/ramips$ pwd /home/linux/mt7688/openwrt-3.10.14/bin/ramips 所以可见编译好后 工具链存放于/home/linux/mt7688/openwrt-3.10.14/bin/ramips Mips工具链安装 解压工具链~/app下 [email protected]:~/app/OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/bin$ [email protected]:~$ cat /etc/environment PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games" [email protected]:~$ vi /etc/environment [email protected]:~$ sudo chmod 777 /etc/environment [sudo] password for linux: [email protected]:~$ vi /etc/environment [email protected]:~$ echo $PATH /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games [email protected]:~$ source /etc/environment [email protected]:~$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:~/app/OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/bin [email protected]:~/linux_c$ mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc -g test.c mipsel-openwrt-linux-uclibc-gcc.bin: warning: environment variable ‘STAGING_DIR‘ not defined mipsel-openwrt-linux-uclibc-gcc.bin: warning: environment variable ‘STAGING_DIR‘ not defined mipsel-openwrt-linux-uclibc-gcc.bin: warning: environment variable ‘STAGING_DIR‘ not defined [email protected]:~/linux_c$ ls -l total 612 -rwxrwxr-x 1 linux linux 6938 Aug 14 16:51 a.out drwxr-xr-x 11 linux linux 12288 Aug 14 16:32 strace-4.10 -rw-rw-r-- 1 linux linux 601856 Aug 14 16:18 strace-4.10.tar.xz -rw-rw-r-- 1 linux linux 89 Aug 14 16:01 test.c [email protected]:~/linux_c$ file a.out a. out: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, MIPS, MIPS32 rel2 version 1, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), with unknown capability 0xf41 = 0x756e6700, with unknown capability 0x70100 = 0x3040000, not http://blog.csdn.net/flymachine/article/details/7055923 strace mips编译器编译 li[email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for /home/linux/app/OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/bin/mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc-strip... no checking for strip... strip checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking whether make supports nested variables... yes checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu checking host system type... Invalid configuration `/home/linux/app/OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/bin/mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc‘: machine `/home/linux/app/OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/bin/mipsel-openwrt-linux‘ configure: error: /bin/bash ./config.sub /home/linux/app/OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/bin/mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc failed 、//----------------------- l[email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ ./configure CC=/home/linux/app/OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/bin/mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking whether make supports nested variables... yes checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-uclibc checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-uclibc checking for gcc... /home/linux/app/OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/bin/mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking for suffix of executables... checking whether we are cross compiling... configure: error: in `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘: configure: error: cannot run C compiled programs. If you meant to cross compile, use `--host‘. See `config.log‘ for more details 恩？？为毛不对 [email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ ./configure --host=mipsel-openwrt-linux CC=mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc LD=mipsel-openwrt-linux-ld … checking for libunwind-ptrace.h... no checking whether to enable stack tracing support using libunwind... no Generated MIPS syscallent stubs checking that generated files are newer than configure... done configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating tests/Makefile config.status: creating tests-m32/Makefile config.status: creating tests-mx32/Makefile config.status: creating config.h config.status: executing depfiles commands [email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ make … e-sysmips.o strace-term.o strace-time.o strace-truncate.o strace-uid.o strace-uid16.o strace-umask.o strace-umount.o strace-uname.o strace-util.o strace-utime.o strace-utimes.o strace-v4l2.o strace-vsprintf.o strace-wait.o strace-xattr.o mipsel-openwrt-linux-uclibc-gcc.bin: warning: environment variable ‘STAGING_DIR‘ not defined mipsel-openwrt-linux-uclibc-gcc.bin: warning: environment variable ‘STAGING_DIR‘ not defined make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘ make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/linux/linux_c/strace-4.10‘ [email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ file strace strace: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, MIPS, MIPS32 rel2 version 1, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), with unknown capability 0xf41 = 0x756e6700, with unknown capability 0x70100 = 0x3040000, not stripped 默认make生成的是动态的 tu:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ make CFLAGS+=-static [email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ file strace strace: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, MIPS, MIPS32 rel2 version 1, statically linked, with unknown capability 0xf41 = 0x756e6700, with unknown capability 0x70100 = 0x3040000, not stripped [email protected]:~/linux_c/strace-4.10$ cd ../ [email protected]:~/linux_c$ ls -lh total 3.0M -rwxrwxr-x 1 linux linux 6.8K Aug 14 16:51 a.out -rwxrwxr-x 1 linux linux 928 Aug 14 16:57 cident.sh -rwxrwxr-x 1 linux linux 474 Aug 14 16:57 makefile -rwxrwxr-x 1 linux linux 1.3M Aug 14 17:10 strace drwxr-xr-x 11 linux linux 12K Aug 14 17:08 strace-4.10 -rw-rw-r-- 1 linux linux 588K Aug 14 16:18 strace-4.10.tar.xz -rwxrwxr-x 1 linux linux 1.1M Aug 14 17:08 strace.dyn -rw-rw-r-- 1 linux linux 89 Aug 14 16:01 test.c 生成strace静态可执行文件，1.3MB多 |
Mafile 无法识别到mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc目录，
修改PATH，从/etc/envimont
改到 ~/.bashrc
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/home/linux/app/OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/bin
[email protected]:~/linux_c$which mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc
/home/linux/app/OpenWrt-Toolchain-ramips-for-mipsel_24kec+dsp-gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/bin/mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc
:~/linux_c$ make
mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc -o app.elf test.c -g -lpthread -ldl -Wall -Wimplicit-function-declaration
mipsel-openwrt-linux-uclibc-gcc.bin:warning: environment variable ‘STAGING_DIR‘ not defined
mipsel-openwrt-linux-uclibc-gcc.bin:warning: environment variable ‘STAGING_DIR‘ not defined
mipsel-openwrt-linux-uclibc-gcc.bin:warning: environment variable ‘STAGING_DIR‘ not defined
[email protected]:~/linux_c$file app.elf
app.elf: ELF 32-bitLSB executable, MIPS, MIPS32 rel2 version 1, dynamically linked (uses sharedlibs), with unknown capability 0xf41 = 0x756e6700, with unknown capability0x70100 = 0x3040000, not stripped
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