Lucene实战构建索引

搭建lucene的步骤这里就不详细介绍了，无外乎就是下载相关jar包，在eclipse中新建java工程，引入相关的jar包即可

本文主要在没有剖析lucene的源码之前实战一下，通过实战来促进研究

建立索引

下面的程序展示了indexer的使用

package com.wuyudong.mylucene;

import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.util.Version;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileReader;

public class IndexerTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    if (args.length != 2) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Usage: java " + IndexerTest.class.getName()
        + " <index dir> <data dir>");
    }
    String indexDir = args[0];         //1 指定目录创建索引
    String dataDir = args[1];          //2 对指定目录中的*.txt文件进行索引

    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    IndexerTest indexer = new IndexerTest(indexDir);
    int numIndexed;
    try {
      numIndexed = indexer.index(dataDir, new TextFilesFilter());
    } finally {
      indexer.close();
    }
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

    System.out.println("Indexing " + numIndexed + " files took "
      + (end - start) + " milliseconds");
  }

  private IndexWriter writer;

  public IndexerTest(String indexDir) throws IOException {
    Directory dir = FSDirectory.open(new File(indexDir));
    writer = new IndexWriter(dir,            //3 创建IndexWriter
                 new StandardAnalyzer(       //3
                     Version.LUCENE_30),//3
                 true,                       //3
                             IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength.UNLIMITED); //3
  }

  public void close() throws IOException {
    writer.close();                             //4 关闭IndexWriter
  }

  public int index(String dataDir, FileFilter filter)
    throws Exception {

    File[] files = new File(dataDir).listFiles();

    for (File f: files) {
      if (!f.isDirectory() &&
          !f.isHidden() &&
          f.exists() &&
          f.canRead() &&
          (filter == null || filter.accept(f))) {
        indexFile(f);
      }
    }

    return writer.numDocs();                     //5 返回被索引的文档数
  }

  private static class TextFilesFilter implements FileFilter {
    public boolean accept(File path) {
      return path.getName().toLowerCase()        //6 只索引*.txt文件，采用FileFilter
             .endsWith(".txt");                  //6
    }
  }

  protected Document getDocument(File f) throws Exception {
    Document doc = new Document();
    doc.add(new Field("contents", new FileReader(f)));      //7 索引文件内容
    doc.add(new Field("filename", f.getName(),              //8 索引文件名
                Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED));//8
    doc.add(new Field("fullpath", f.getCanonicalPath(),     //9 索引文件完整路径
                Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED));//9
    return doc;
  }

  private void indexFile(File f) throws Exception {
    System.out.println("Indexing " + f.getCanonicalPath());
    Document doc = getDocument(f);
    writer.addDocument(doc);                              //10 向Lucene索引中添加文档
  }
}

在eclipse中配置好参数：

E:\luceneinaction\index E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data

运行结果如下：

Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\apache1.0.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\apache1.1.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\apache2.0.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\cpl1.0.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\epl1.0.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\freebsd.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\gpl1.0.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\gpl2.0.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\gpl3.0.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\lgpl2.1.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\lgpl3.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\lpgl2.0.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\mit.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\mozilla1.1.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\mozilla_eula_firefox3.txt
Indexing E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\mozilla_eula_thunderbird2.txt
Indexing 16 files took 888 milliseconds

在index文件内会产生索引文件：

由于被索引的文件都很小，数量也不大（如下图），但是会花费888ms，还是很让人不安

总体说来，搜索索引比建立索引重要，因为搜索很多次，而索引只是建立一次

搜索索引

接下来将创建一个程序 来对上面创建的索引进行搜索：

import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.ParseException;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.util.Version;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SearcherTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalArgumentException,
        IOException, ParseException {
    if (args.length != 2) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Usage: java " + SearcherTest.class.getName()
        + " <index dir> <query>");
    }

    String indexDir = args[0];               //1 解析输入的索引路径
    String q = args[1];                      //2 解析输入的查询字符串   

    search(indexDir, q);
  }

  public static void search(String indexDir, String q)
    throws IOException, ParseException {

    Directory dir = FSDirectory.open(new File(indexDir)); //3 打开索引文件
    IndexSearcher is = new IndexSearcher(dir);   //3   

    QueryParser parser = new QueryParser(Version.LUCENE_30, // 4 解析查询字符串
                                         "contents",  //4
                     new StandardAnalyzer(          //4
                       Version.LUCENE_30));  //4
    Query query = parser.parse(q);              //4
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    TopDocs hits = is.search(query, 10); //5 搜索索引
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

    System.err.println("Found " + hits.totalHits +   //6 记录索引状态
      " document(s) (in " + (end - start) +        // 6
      " milliseconds) that matched query ‘" +     // 6
      q + "‘:");                                   // 6

    for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc : hits.scoreDocs) {
      Document doc = is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);               //7 返回匹配文本
      System.out.println(doc.get("fullpath"));  //8 显示匹配文件名
    }

    is.close();                                //9 关闭IndexSearcher
  }
}

设置好参数：E:\luceneinaction\index patent

运行结果如下:

Found 8 document(s) (in 12 milliseconds) that matched query ‘patent‘:
E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\cpl1.0.txt
E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\mozilla1.1.txt
E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\epl1.0.txt
E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\gpl3.0.txt
E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\apache2.0.txt
E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\gpl2.0.txt
E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\lpgl2.0.txt
E:\luceneinaction\lia2e\src\lia\meetlucene\data\lgpl2.1.txt

可以看到速度很快（12ms），打印的是文件的绝对路径，这是因为indexer存储的是文件的绝对路径