ural Brackets Sequence (dp)

http://acm.timus.ru/problem.aspx?space=1&num=1183

很经典的问题吧，看的黑书上的讲解。

设dp[i][j]表示i到j括号合法需要的最少括号数。

共有四种情况：

s[i]s[j]配对，dp[i][j] = min( dp[i][j] ,  dp[i-1][j+1] )；

s[i] = ‘(‘或‘[‘ dp[i][j] = min( dp[i][j] , dp[i+1][j]+1 )；

s[j] = ‘)‘或‘]‘ dp[i][j] = min( dp[i][j] , dp[i][j-1]+1 )；

dp[i][j] = min( dp[i][k]+dp[k+1][j] )（i <= k < j-1）

同时拿一个数组记录到达这种状态是哪种方式，然后dfs输出。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <list>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>
#define LL __int64
#define eps 1e-12
#define PI acos(-1.0)
using namespace std;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int maxn = 50010;

int dp[110][110];
int way[110][110];
char s[110];
int len;

void dfs(int l, int r)
{
	if(l > r) //少写一句，1wa
		return;
	if(l == r)
	{
		if(s[l] == '(' || s[l] == ')')
			printf("()");
		else if(s[l] == ']' || s[l] == '[')
			printf("[]");
		return;
	}

	if(way[l][r] == 0)
	{
		printf("%c",s[l]);
		dfs(l+1,r-1);
		printf("%c",s[r]);
		return;
	}
	else if(way[l][r] == -1)
	{
		printf("%c",s[l]);
		dfs(l+1,r);
		printf("%c",s[l]=='('?')':']');
		return;
	}
	else if(way[l][r] == -2)
	{
		printf("%c",s[r]==')'?'(':'[');
		dfs(l,r-1);
		printf("%c",s[r]);
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		dfs(l,way[l][r]);
		dfs(way[l][r]+1,r);
		return;
	}

}

void solve()
{
	for(int i = 1; i <= len; i++)
	{
		dp[i][i] = 1;
		dp[i][i-1] = 0;
	}
    for(int p = 1; p <= len-1; p++)
    {
        for(int i = 1; i <= len-p; i++)
        {
            int j = i+p;
            dp[i][j] = INF;
            if( (s[i] == '(' && s[j] == ')') || (s[i] == '[' && s[j] == ']') )
            {
                if(dp[i][j] > dp[i+1][j-1])
                {
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i+1][j-1];
                    way[i][j] = 0;
                }
            }
            if(s[i] == '(' || s[i] == '[')
            {
                if(dp[i][j] > dp[i+1][j]+1)
                {
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i+1][j]+1;
                    way[i][j] = -1;
                }
            }
            if(s[j] == ')' || s[j] == ']')
            {
                if(dp[i][j] > dp[i][j-1]+1)
                {
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i][j-1]+1;
                    way[i][j] = -2;
                }
            }
            for(int k = i; k <= j-1; k++)
            {
                if(dp[i][j] > dp[i][k]+dp[k+1][j])
                {
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i][k] + dp[k+1][j];
                    way[i][j] = k;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    while(~scanf("%s",s+1))
    {
        len = strlen(s+1);
		solve();
		dfs(1,len);
		printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}