CRUD操作：
create 创建（添加）
read 读取
update 修改
delete 删除
1、添加数据
insert into Info values(‘p009‘,‘张三‘,1,‘n001‘,‘2016-8-30 12:9:8‘) ;
给特定的列添加数据
insert into Info (code,name) values(‘p010‘,‘李四‘);
自增长列的处理
insert into family values(‘‘,‘p001‘,‘数据‘,‘T001‘,‘数据‘,1);
insert into 表名 values(值)
2、删除数据
删除所有数据
delete from family
删除特定的数据
delete from Info where code=‘p001‘
delete from 表名 where 条件
3、修改数据
修改所有数据
update Info set name=‘徐业鹏‘
修改特定数据
update Info set name=‘吕永乐‘ where code=‘p002‘
修改多列
update Info set name=‘吕永乐‘,sex=1 where code=‘p003‘
update 表名 set 要修改的内容 where 条件
4、读取数据
(1)简单读取,查询所有列(*) 所有行（没有加条件）
select * from Info
(2)读取特定列
select code,name from Info
(3)条件查询
select * from Info where code=‘p003‘
(4)多条件查询
select * from Info where code=‘p003‘ or nation=‘n002‘ #或的关系
select * from Info where sex=0 and nation=‘n002‘ #与的关系
(5)关键字查询（模糊查询）
查所有包含奥迪的汽车
select * from car where name like ‘%奥迪%‘; #百分号%代表任意多个字符
查以‘皇冠‘开头的所有汽车
select * from car where name like ‘皇冠%‘;
查询汽车名称中第二个字符是‘马‘的
select * from car where name like ‘_马%‘; #下划线_代表任意一个字符
(6)排序查询
select * from car order by powers #默认升序排列
select * from car order by powers desc #升序asc 降序 desc
先按brand升序排，再按照price降序排
select * from car order by brand,price desc
(7)范围查询
select * from car where price>40 and price<60
select * from car where price between 40 and 60
(8)离散查询
select * from car where price=30 or price=40 or price=50 or price=60;
select * from car where price in(30,40,50,60)
select * from car where price not in(30,40,50,60)
(9)聚合函数（统计查询）
select count(*) from car
select count(code) from car #取所有的数据条数
select sum(price) from car #求价格总和
select avg(price) from car #求价格的平均值
select max(price) from car #求最大值
select min(price) from car #求最小值
(10)分页查询
select * from car limit 0,10 #分页查询，跳过几条数据(0)取几条(10)
规定一个每页显示的条数：m
当前页数：n
select * from car limit (n-1)*m,m
(11)去重查询
select distinct brand from car
(12)分组查询
查询汽车表中，每个系列下汽车的数量
select brand,count(*) from car group by brand
分组之后，只能查询该列或聚合函数
取该系列价格平均值大于40的系列代号
select brand from car group by brand having avg(price)>40
取该系列油耗最大值大于8的系列代号
select brand from car group by brand having max(oil)>8
高级查询：
1.连接查询
select * from Info,Nation
形成笛卡尔积
select * from Info,Nation where Info.nation=Nation.code
select Info.code,Info.name,Info.sex,Nation.name as ‘民族‘,Info.birthday from Info,Nation where Info.nation=Nation.code
select * from Info join Nation on Info.nation=Nation.code
2.联合查询
select code,name from Info
union
select code,name from Nation
3.子查询
子查询查询的结果作为父查询的条件
（1）无关子查询：子查询执行的时候和父查询没有关系
查民族为‘汉族‘的所有学生信息
select * from Info where nation=(select code from nation where name=‘汉族‘)
查询生产厂商为‘一汽大众‘的所有汽车信息
select * from car where brand=()
select brand_code from brand where prod_code=()
select prod_code from productor where prod_name=‘一汽大众‘
select * from car where brand in(select brand_code from brand where prod_code=(select prod_code from productor where prod_name=‘一汽大众‘))
（2）相关子查询
子查询在执行的时候需要用到父查询的内容
查询汽车表中，汽车油耗小于该系列平均油耗的所有汽车信息
select * from car where oil<(该系列平均油耗)
select avg(oil) from car where brand =(该系列)
select * from car a where oil<(select avg(oil) from car b where b.brand =a.brand)