1.__doc__ 表示类的描述信息
class Food(object): "定义一个食物类" pass print(Food.__doc__) #输出 定义一个食物类
2.__module__ 和 __class__
__module__ 表示当前操作对象在哪个模块
__class__ 表示当前操作对象的类是什么
class A(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name
from local.obj import A a = A(‘bigberg‘) print(a.__module__) print(a.__class__) # 输出 local.obj # local.obj , 输出模块 <class ‘local.obj.A‘> # local.obj.A , 输出类
3. __init__ 构造方法
通过类创建对象时,自动触发执行
class Person(object): country = ‘CN‘ # 公有属性 def __init__(self, name, age, gender, province): self.name = name self.age = age self. gender = gender self.province = province p = Person(‘bigberg‘, 22, ‘M‘, ‘zhejiang‘)
4. __del__ 析构方法
当对象在内存中被释放时,自动触发执行,是程序自动执行的不需要人为参与
注:此方法一般无须定义,因为Python是一门高级语言,程序员在使用时无需关心内存的分配和释放,因为此工作都是交给Python解释器来执行,所以,析构函数的调用是由解释器在进行垃圾回收时自动触发执行的。
class Person(object): country = ‘CN‘ def __init__(self, name, age, gender, province): self.name = name self.age = age self. gender = gender self.province = province def __del__(self): print("该对象已经被删除!") p = Person(‘bigberg‘, 22, ‘M‘, ‘zhejiang‘) print(p.name) del p print(p.age) # 输出 bigberg 该对象已经被删除! Traceback (most recent call last): File "G:/python/untitled/study6/类的特殊成员.py", line 34, in <module> print(p.age) NameError: name ‘p‘ is not defined
5.__dict__ 类或对象中的所有成员
把类中的成员以字典的形式打印出来
1 class Person(object): 2 3 country = ‘CN‘ 4 5 def __init__(self, name, age, gender, province): 6 self.name = name 7 self.age = age 8 self. gender = gender 9 self.province = province 10 11 def speak(self, language): 12 print("%s mother language is %s" % (self.name, language)) 13 14 15 p = Person(‘bigberg‘, 22, ‘M‘, ‘zhejiang‘) 16 17 # 获取类的成员,即:构造函数的属性 18 print(Person.__dict__) 19 20 #输出: {‘speak‘: <function Person.speak at 0x0000025CCBACE510>, ‘__dict__‘: <attribute ‘__dict__‘ of ‘Person‘ objects>, ‘__doc__‘: None, ‘__init__‘: <function Person.__init__ at 0x0000025CCBACE488>, ‘country‘: ‘CN‘, ‘__module__‘: ‘__main__‘, ‘__weakref__‘: <attribute ‘__weakref__‘ of ‘Person‘ objects>} 21 22 23 # 获取对象 p 的成员 24 print(p.__dict__) 25 26 #输出: {‘name‘: ‘bigberg‘, ‘province‘: ‘zhejiang‘, ‘gender‘: ‘M‘, ‘age‘: 22}
6.__call__ 对象或类后面加括号,触发执行
class Person(object): def __init__(self): pass def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): print(‘hello,world‘) p = Person() # 执行 __init__ p() # 执行 __call__ # 输出 hello,world
7.__str__ 如果一个类中定义了__str__方法,那么在打印 对象 时,默认输出该方法的返回值。
1 class Person(object): 2 3 def __init__(self, name): 4 self.name = name 5 6 def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): 7 print(‘hello,world‘) 8 9 def __str__(self): 10 return "It‘s a good day." 11 12 def speak(self): 13 return "%s is giving a speech." % self.name 14 15 p = Person(‘bigberg‘) 16 p.speak() 17 print(p) 18 19 #输出 20 It‘s a good day.
时间: 2024-10-16 01:24:21