【译】java.lang.ThreadLocal

This class provides thread-local variables. These variables differ from their normal counterparts（副本） in that each thread that accesses one (via its get or set method) has its own, independently initialized copy of the variable. ThreadLocal instances are typically（代表的） private static fields in classes that wish to associate state with a thread (e.g., a user ID or Transaction ID).

For example, the class below generates unique identifiers local to each thread. A thread‘s id is assigned the first time it invokes ThreadId.get() and remains unchanged on subsequent calls.

 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

 public class ThreadId {
     // Atomic integer containing the next thread ID to be assigned
     private static final AtomicInteger nextId = new AtomicInteger(0);

     // Thread local variable containing each thread‘s ID
     private static final ThreadLocal<Integer> threadId =
         new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {
             @Override protected Integer initialValue() {
                 return nextId.getAndIncrement();
         }
     };

     // Returns the current thread‘s unique ID, assigning it if necessary
     public static int get() {
         return threadId.get();
     }
 }
 

Each thread holds（拥有） an implicit（隐式的） reference to its copy of a thread-local variable as long as the thread is alive and the ThreadLocal instance is accessible（可访问的）; after a thread goes away, all of its copies of thread-local instances are subject to garbage（garbage） collection (unless other references to these copies exist).