CHAR_LENGTH() :Return number of characters(字符) in argument(参数)
LENGTH() : Return the length of a string(字符串) in bytes(字节)
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/string-functions
官方说明,CHAR_LENGTH() 返回变量中字符的个数,LENGTH() 返回一个字符串占多少字节。
个人英语比较马虎,所以不知道翻译对不对,凑合看。
结论:
gbk-gbk 一个中文字符也是一个字符,一个汉子占两个字节,所以是 5 7 gbk - utf8 不能直接转换,需通过unicode转码,转码后就是 7 7 gbk- latin1 可直接转换,转换为单字节字符,转码后是 7 7 utf8(一个中文三个字节)---gbk: 直接转换,尾部奇数字节截断(中文个数*3/2+英文字符个数) 9 9 utf8(一个中文三个字节)---utf8: 不用转换,就是 5 9 utf8--------latin1: 直接转换,单字节字符 就是 9 9
select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘);的结果跟两个因素有关:
客户端(linux默认utf8,windows默认GB2312,可通过securecrt 模拟),mysql字符编码设置(主要是client,connection和result,set names xxx)
测试1:
mysql version:5.6.17 windows 7 平台
mysql> set names utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘); +------------------------+-------------------+ | char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +------------------------+-------------------+ | 7 | 7 | +------------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘char%‘; +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:\wamp\bin\mysql\mysql5.6.17\share\charsets\ | +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set names gbk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘); +------------------------+-------------------+ | char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +------------------------+-------------------+ | 5 | 7 | +------------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set names latin1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘); +------------------------+-------------------+ | char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +------------------------+-------------------+ | 7 | 7 | +------------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
测试2:
mysql 5.5 tlinux 1.2/centos 6.x
mysql> set names utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘);+--------------------------+---------------------+| char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +--------------------------+---------------------+| 5 | 9 | +--------------------------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set names gbk;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘);+--------------------------+---------------------+| char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +--------------------------+---------------------+| 6 | 9 | +--------------------------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set names latin1;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘);+--------------------------+---------------------+| char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +--------------------------+---------------------+| 9 | 9 | +--------------------------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
测试3: mysql 5.6 tlinux1.2
elcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.25 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘); +--------------------------+---------------------+ | char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +--------------------------+---------------------+ | 5 | 9 | +--------------------------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘char%‘; +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.6.25/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set names gbk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘char%‘; +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | gbk | | character_set_connection | gbk | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | gbk | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.6.25/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘); +--------------------------+---------------------+ | char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +--------------------------+---------------------+ | 6 | 9 | +--------------------------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.02 sec) mysql> set names latin1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘char%‘; +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.6.25/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘); +--------------------------+---------------------+ | char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +--------------------------+---------------------+ | 9 | 9 | +--------------------------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
测试4:
mariadb 5.5 tlinux 2.0/centos 7
[[email protected]_ops01 ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadbmariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 mariadb-server-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 mariadb-embedded-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 mariadb-embedded-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 mariadb-test-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 mariadb-bench-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 [[email protected]_ops01 ~]# mysqlWelcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 58Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like ‘char%‘;show variables like ‘char%‘; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec) +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘); +--------------------------+---------------------+ | char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +--------------------------+---------------------+ | 9 | 9 | +--------------------------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> set names gbk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘); +--------------------------+---------------------+ | char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +--------------------------+---------------------+ | 6 | 9 | +--------------------------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> set names utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> select char_length(‘世界sad‘),length(‘世界sad‘); +--------------------------+---------------------+ | char_length(‘世界sad‘) | length(‘世界sad‘) | +--------------------------+---------------------+ | 5 | 9 | +--------------------------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
测试5:
windows系统(终端设置为utf8) mysql 5.6
chcp 65001
时间: 2024-10-07 04:20:45