1.ACL权限简介与开启
一.ACL权限是为了解决所有者/所属组/其他人三种身份不足的问题
二.查看分区ACL权限是否开启
dumpe2fs命令是查询指定分区详细文件系统信息的命令
dumpe2fs -h /dev/sda3
-h 仅显示超级块中信息,而不显示磁盘块组的详细信息[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 40G 14G 25G 36% /
devtmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /dev
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 920M 548K 920M 1% /run
tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1002
[[email protected] ~]# dumpe2fs -h /dev/vda1
dumpe2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: /
Filesystem UUID: eb448abb-3012-4d8d-bcde-94434d586a31
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 2621440
Block count: 10485248
Reserved block count: 524262
Free blocks: 8958387
Free inodes: 2519237
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Reserved GDT blocks: 1021
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 8192
Inode blocks per group: 512
RAID stride: 32639
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Sun Oct 15 23:18:59 2017
Last mount time: Tue Aug 14 10:15:43 2018
Last write time: Tue Aug 14 18:15:42 2018
Mount count: 6
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed Jun 27 22:35:57 2018
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 30 GB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
First orphan inode: 1050280
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 2579899c-6862-4625-a8e6-425550384200
Journal backup: inode blocks
Journal features: journal_incompat_revoke
Journal size: 128M
Journal length: 32768
Journal sequence: 0x006beeea
Journal start: 22131Default mount options: user_xattr acl显示支持acl
三.临时开启分区ACL权限
重新挂载根分区,并挂载加入acl权限
mount -o remount,acl /
四.永久开启分区ACL权限(一定要谨慎)
# 加入acl
vim /etc/fstab
UUID=eb448abb-3012-4d8d-bcde-94434d586a31 / ext4 defaults 1 1
修改为
UUID=eb448abb-3012-4d8d-bcde-94434d586a31 / ext4 defaults,acl 1 1
# 重新挂载文件系统或重新启动系统,使修改生效
mount -o remount /2.查看和设定ACL权限
一.查看ACL命令
查看acl权限
getfacle 文件名
二.设定ACL权限的命令
setfacl 选项 文件名
| 选项 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| -m | 设定ACL权限 |
| -x | 删除指定的ACL权限 |
| -b | 删除所有的ACL全新啊 |
| -d | 设定默认ACL权限 |
| -k | 删除默认ACL权限 |
| -R | 递归设定ACL权限 |
三.给用户设定ACL权限和给组设定ACL权限
# 进入tmp目录
[[email protected] /]# cd /tmp
# 创建project目录
[[email protected] tmp]# mkdir project
# 查看是否创建
[[email protected] tmp]# ls
Aegis-<Guid(5A2C30A2-A87D-490A-9281-6765EDAD7CBA)> eternityz hsperfdata_root issue.soft Japan mysql.sock php-cgi.sock project systemd-private-9255c5ee9ec84f5987c1d9ba485e177e-ntpd.service-eKcnmD test.txt
# 添加用户zhangsan
[[email protected] tmp]# useradd zhangsan
# 添加用户lisi
[[email protected] tmp]# useradd lisi
# 添加组tgroup
[[email protected]q95pbpe1hh0kkwoiz tmp]# groupadd tgroup
# 将zhangsan添加到组tgroup中
[[email protected] tmp]# gpasswd -a zhangsan tgroup
Adding user zhangsan to group tgroup
# 将lisi添加到组tgroup中
[[email protected] tmp]# gpasswd -a lisi tgroup
Adding user lisi to group tgroup
# 查看组内的用户(最后一行)
[[email protected] tmp]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:eternity
bin:x:1:
daemon:x:2:
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:
wheel:x:10:
cdrom:x:11:
mail:x:12:postfix
man:x:15:
dialout:x:18:
floppy:x:19:
games:x:20:
tape:x:30:
video:x:39:
ftp:x:50:
lock:x:54:
audio:x:63:
nobody:x:99:
users:x:100:
utmp:x:22:
utempter:x:35:
ssh_keys:x:999:
input:x:998:
systemd-journal:x:190:
systemd-network:x:192:
dbus:x:81:
polkitd:x:997:
postdrop:x:90:
postfix:x:89:
chrony:x:996:
sshd:x:74:
ntp:x:38:
tcpdump:x:72:
nscd:x:28:
screen:x:84:
mysql:x:1000:
www:x:1001:
rabbitmq:x:995:
eternity:x:1002:
eternityz:x:1003:
slocate:x:21:
saslauth:x:76:
mailnull:x:47:
smmsp:x:51:
zhangsan:x:1004:
lisi:x:1005:
tgroup:x:1006:zhangsan,lisi
# 将project目录的所属组更改为tgroup
[[email protected] tmp]# chown root:tgroup project
# 将project目录的权限更改为770
[[email protected] tmp]# chmod 770 project
# 查看更改权限的project目录
[[email protected] tmp]# ll -d project
drwxrwx--- 2 root tgroup 4096 Dec 10 17:00 project
# 增加试听学员st
[[email protected] tmp]# useradd st
# 修改试听学员st的密码
[[email protected] tmp]# passwd st
Changing password for user st.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
# 给试听学员st设定ACL权限rx
[[email protected] tmp]# setfacl -m u:st:rx project
# 查看ACL权限
[[email protected] tmp]# getfacl project
# file: project
# owner: root
# group: tgroup
user::rwx
user:st:r-x #st用户拥有rx权限
group::rwx
mask::rwx
other::---
# 切换到st用户
[[email protected] tmp]# su - st
# 进入/tmp/project目录
[[email protected] ~]$ cd /tmp/project
# 创建文件test.txt,提示没有权限
[[email protected] project]$ touch test.txt
touch: cannot touch ‘test.txt’: Permission denied
# 退出st用户
[[email protected] project]$ exit
logout
# 增加组tgroup2
[[email protected] tmp]# groupadd tgroup2
# 给组tgroup2设定ACL权限rwx
[[email protected] tmp]# setfacl -m g:tgroup2:rwx project
# 查看ACL权限
[[email protected] tmp]# getfacl project
# file: project
# owner: root
# group: tgroup
user::rwx
user:st:r-x # 用户st拥有ACL权限rx
group::rwx
group:tgroup2:rwx # 组tgroup2拥有ACL权限rwx
mask::rwx
other::---有ACL权限和没ACL权限的文件夹
# 没有ACL权限的后面没有+号
[[email protected] tmp]# ll -d project
drwxrwx--- 2 root tgroup 4096 Dec 10 17:00 project
[[email protected] tmp]# setfacl -m u:st:rx project
# 有ACL权限的后面带着+号
[[email protected] tmp]# ll -d project
drwxrwx---+ 2 root tgroup 4096 Dec 10 17:00 project
3.最大有效权限和删除ACL权限
一.最大有效权限mask
[[email protected] tmp]# getfacl project
# file: project
# owner: root
# group: tgroup
user::rwx
user:st:r-x
group::rwx
group:st:rwx
group:tgroup2:rwx
mask::rwx
other::---mask是用来指定最大有效权限的.如果我给用户赋予了ACL权限,是需要和mask的权限"相与"才能得到用户的真正权限
| A | B | and |
|---|---|---|
| r | r | r |
| r | - | - |
| - | r | - |
| - | - | - |
修改mask的值
setfacl -m m:rx project
# 更改mask的值
[[email protected] tmp]# setfacl -m m:rx project
# 查询ACL权限
[[email protected] tmp]# getfacl project
# file: project
# owner: root
# group: tgroup
user::rwx
user:st:r-x
group::rwx #effective:r-x
group:st:rwx #effective:r-x
group:tgroup2:rwx #effective:r-x
mask::r-x
other::---
mask的值只影响具有ACL权限的,不影响用户的权限
用户st的权限为rx
组st的ACL权限是rwx,但是实际生效的只是rx权限
组tgroup2的ACL权限是rwx,但是实际生效的是rx权限二.删除ACL权限
删除指定用户的ACL权限
setfacl -x u:用户名 文件/文件夹
删除指定用户组的ACL权限
setfacl -x g:组名 文件/文件夹
# 之前的有组tgroup2的ACL权限
[[email protected] tmp]# getfacl project
# file: project
# owner: root
# group: tgroup
user::rwx
user:st:r-x
group::rwx #effective:r-x
group:st:rwx #effective:r-x
group:tgroup2:rwx #effective:r-x
mask::r-x
other::---
# 移除组tgroup2的ACL权限
[[email protected] tmp]# setfacl -x g:tgroup2 project
# 再次查询,tgroup2的ACL权限没有了
[[email protected] tmp]# getfacl project
# file: project
# owner: root
# group: tgroup
user::rwx
user:st:r-x
group::rwx
group:st:rwx
mask::rwx
other::---删除文件或文件假的所有的ACL权限
sefacl -b 文件/文件夹
# 之前project目录的ACL权限
[[email protected] tmp]# getfacl project
# file: project
# owner: root
# group: tgroup
user::rwx
user:st:r-x
group::rwx
group:st:rwx
mask::rwx
other::---
# 移除所有的ACL权限
[[email protected] tmp]# setfacl -b project
# 再次查询,ACL权限和mask都没有了
[[email protected] tmp]# getfacl project
# file: project
# owner: root
# group: tgroup
user::rwx
group::rwx
other::---
4.默认ACL权限和递归ACL权限
一.递归ACL权限
递归是父目录在设定ACL权限时,所有的子文件和子目录也会拥有相同的ACL权限setfacl -m u:用户名:权限 -R 文件夹
# -R必须在后面,否则报错
# 给文件夹及下面的所有文件及文件夹设置ACL权限,运行此命令后,新建的文件不具备ACL权限二.默认ACL权限
默认ACL权限的作用是如果给父目录设定了默认ACL权限,那么父目录中所有新建的子文件都会继承父目录的ACL权限setfacl -m d:u:用户名:权限 文件夹
# 运行上面的命令之后,以后此文件夹下新建文件或文件夹都具备ACL权限原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/eternityz/p/12386423.html
时间： 2024-11-01 10:16:11