1. A2DP Introduction

The Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) defines the protocols and procedures that realize distribution of audio content of high-quality in mono or stereo on ACL channels. As indicated in the diagram of ‘Protocol Model‘, A2DP depends on AVDTP and SDP.

Protocol Model

The AVDTP define procedures required to set up an audio streaming. The A2DP defines parameters and procedures that are specific foraudio streaming, including audio codec, SDP parameters. It‘s the pre-condition of analyzing
A2DP Source implementation to familiar with the two specs: AVDTP and A2DP. The block diagrams of sending/receiving audio streaming and created packet format are shown in the diagram below. In the analysis, I only focus on MP and Media PL. AVDTP spec describes
MP, while A2DP spec describes Media PL. This profile support a mandatory codec: SBC, 3 optional codecs: MPEG-1,2 Audio, MPEG-2,4 AAC and ATRAC family, and the vendor specific A2DP codecs, eg. aptX. I will only talk about the mandatory codec: SBC in the article.

Block diagram of Audio Streaming Procedures and the Packet Format

The following roles are defined for devices that implement A2DP:

Source(SRC) – A device is the SRC when it acts as a source of a digital audio stream

that is delivered to the SNK of the piconet, eg. a smartphone which sends audio stream.

Sink (SNK) – A device is the SNK when it acts as a sink of a digital audio stream

delivered from the SRC on the same piconet, eg. a Bluetooth headset which receives audio stream.

In Bluedroid, only the source role is implemented, so I analysis the implementation of A2DP source in Bluedroid.(But both of source and sink are implemented in Bluez)

2. Code Analysis

I will not list very detailed function callings(The best way to understand the code is reading the code by yourself), while just describe the process. So you will not read a lot of the boring source code.

2.1 Files Structure

I list the important files for A2DP from the upper layer to lower layger.

• btif/src/btif_av.c                     Bluedroid AV HAL implementation which implements the interface defined in AOSP/hardware/bt_av.h.
• btif/src/btif_media_task.c    This is the multimedia module for the BTIF system. It contains task implementations AV, HS and HF profiles‘ audio&video processing.
• btif/co/bta_av_co.c               This is the advanced audio/video call-out function implementation for BTIF.
• bta/av/bta_av_ci.c                This is the implementation for advanced audio/video call-in functions which are called from BTIF.
• bta/av/bta_av_api.c             This is the implementation of the API for the advanced audio/video(AV) subsystem of BTA. This interface is called from btif_av.c.
• bta/av/bta_av_mian.c          This is the main implementation file for BTA advanced audio/video.
• bta/av/bta_av_ssm.c            This is the stream state machine for the BTA advanced audio/video.
• bta/av/bta_av_aact.c            This file contains action functions for advanced audio/video stream.
• bta/av/bta_av_sbc.c             This module contains utility functions for dealing with SBC data frames and codec capabilities.
• stack/a2dp/a2d_api.c           This is the implementation of the API for the Advanced Audio Distribution Profile(A2DP)
• stack/a2dp/a2d_sbc.c          This file contains utility functions to help build and parse SBC codec information element and media payload.
• embdrv/sbc/sbc/encoder     This folder contains the files which implement SBC decoder.

2.2 Transfer Audio data to AVDTP via A2DP

The transferring process is handle with ‘btif_media_task‘ which is A2DP media task for SBC encoder. The task is created when Bluetooth is enabled(see btif_enable_bluetooth_evt() in btif/src/btif_core.c). A timer drives the task to encoder and transfer audio
stream. The timer is started in btif_media_task_aa_start_tx() when the ‘audio_stream_out‘  interface has a PCM data buffer ready to write(see hardware/libhardware/include/hardware/audio.h).  On receiving the timer event, the task handles all ready PCM data
buffers. If stream is started, run the SBC encoder on each chunk of PCM samples and build an output packet consisting of one or more encoded SBC frames.

2.3 Implement Audio HAL for A2DP audio device

(To be continued)

Android Bluetooth Stack: Bluedroid（五）：The analysis of A2DP Source