今天决定学习一下Ajax异步的XMLHttpRequest对象,平时一直使用jQuery.ajax()就万事大吉,
当自己要实现一套时才发现当中的细节事情!jQuery源码真的博大精深优美得很;
先从w3cschool看一下基本的使用方式,参考的jQ版本是v1.11.1
http://www.w3school.com.cn/xml/xml_http.asp
基本流程是先做简单XMLHttpRequest兼容处理,提交请求,最后是回调处理结果;
setup1 配置
开始时候在想怎样才能写出优美的参数传值,看jQ源码发现是使用jQuery.extend,而且这函数在很多地方都在应用,看来分量很重噢;
手册介绍是用一个或多个其他对象来扩展一个对象,返回被扩展的对象;如果不指定target,则给jQuery命名空间本身进行扩展。
jQ是先定义了基本参数对象ajaxSettings#8830行开始;然后调用ajaxSetup方法,其实这货还是调用了jQuery.extend去合并对象;只是判断是否是扩展配置对象;
自己太赖了只做最简参数单合并和获取回调方法事情;
function ajaxSetup(opations) { if (typeof opations == ‘object‘) { for (key in opations) { //Code.... } } return ajaxSetting; }
setup2
实例化XMLHttpRequest就交由两个方法isWindowXHR和isIEXHR,然后由JS自行判断使用哪一个;
这里基本没什么特别!jQuery基本也是这么干的!只是它还做了很多IE6~9的浏览器兼容代码(难关jQ2就放弃治疗它们)
// Create the request object // (This is still attached to ajaxSettings for backward compatibility) jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = window.ActiveXObject !== undefined ? // Support: IE6+ function() { // XHR cannot access local files, always use ActiveX for that case return !this.isLocal && // Support: IE7-8 // oldIE XHR does not support non-RFC2616 methods (#13240) // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/ms536648(v=vs.85).aspx // and http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html#sec9 // Although this check for six methods instead of eight // since IE also does not support "trace" and "connect" /^(get|post|head|put|delete|options)$/i.test( this.type ) && createStandardXHR() || createActiveXHR(); } : // For all other browsers, use the standard XMLHttpRequest object createStandardXHR;
我万恶地几行没养分的代码就好了!
var xmlHttp = isWindowXHR() || isIEXHR(); function isWindowXHR() { //Code.... } function isIEXHR() { //Code.... }
setup3 传值请求服务器和处理回调
这里jQ做了很多参数值的过滤、是否是跨域请求、head部分组装,是否跨域分开了好像是两部分处理(不知道有没有看错!代码太长了)
搜源码jQuery.ajaxTransport可以找到;
然后也是跟XMLHttpRequest流程定义调用send处理onreadystatechange在不同状态触发事件;
//TODO:增加其他状态处理 function stateChange() { if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) { //Code.... } } return { ‘ajax‘ : function(opations) { var settings = ajaxSetup(opations); if (xmlHttp !== null && settings) { xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = stateChange; switch(settings[‘type‘].toUpperCase()) { case ‘POST‘: //Code.... break; case ‘GET‘: //Code.... break; } } else { alert("Your browser does not support XMLHTTP."); } } };
在这次学习中发现一个很好的网站
whatwg.org
后来发现这家伙跟W3C是很有冤缘;
详细看这里《哪个HTML5?WHATWG与W3C或分道扬镳》
http://www.cnblogs.com/xesam/archive/2012/07/23/2604254.html
完整代码:
index.html
<DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title></title> <script type="text/javascript" src="xhr.js"></script> </head> <body> <input type="button" id="gTime" value="获取服务器时间" /> <div id="serTime">00:00:00</div> </body> </html> <script type="text/javascript"> gTime.addEventListener("click", function(){ $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "xmlHttpRequestAction.php", dataType : ‘json‘, async : true, data: "name=John&location=Boston", success : function(msg) { var obj = eval(‘(‘ + msg + ‘)‘); serTime.childNodes[0].nodeValue = obj.date; console.log(obj); } }); }, false); </script>
xhr.js
var $ = (function(Global){ var xmlHttp = isWindowXHR() || isIEXHR(); var callback = {}; var ajaxSetting = { //TODO:过滤地址符号,例如结尾的"/" ‘url‘ : location.href, ‘type‘ : ‘GET‘, //TODO:增加类型转换判断 ‘dataType‘ : ‘text‘, ‘async‘ : true, //TODO:增加支持对象类型 ‘data‘ : null }; function isWindowXHR() { try { if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { return new XMLHttpRequest(); } } catch (e) {} } function isIEXHR() { try { if (window.ActiveXObject) { return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } } catch (e) {} } function ajaxSetup(opations) { if (typeof opations == ‘object‘) { for (key in opations) { if (typeof ajaxSetting[key] !== ‘undefined‘) { ajaxSetting[key] = opations[key]; } else { switch(typeof opations[key]) { case ‘function‘: callback[key] = opations[key]; break; } } } } return ajaxSetting; } //TODO:增加其他状态处理 function stateChange() { if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) { if (xmlHttp.status == 200) { if (callback.success) { //Success return callback.success(xmlHttp.responseText); } else { return xmlHttp.response; } } else { alert("Problem retrieving XML data"); } } } /* https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/ */ return { ‘ajax‘ : function(opations) { var settings = ajaxSetup(opations); if (xmlHttp !== null && settings) { xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = stateChange; switch(settings[‘type‘].toUpperCase()) { case ‘POST‘: xmlHttp.open(‘POST‘, settings[‘url‘], settings[‘async‘]); xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"); xmlHttp.send(ajaxSetting[‘data‘]); break; case ‘GET‘: settings[‘url‘] += (‘?‘ + ajaxSetting[‘data‘]); xmlHttp.open(‘GET‘, settings[‘url‘], settings[‘async‘]); xmlHttp.send(null); break; } } else { alert("Your browser does not support XMLHTTP."); } } }; })(window);
xmlHttpRequestAction.php
<?php date_default_timezone_set("PRC"); echo json_encode(array(‘date‘=>date(‘Y-m-d h:i:s‘),‘POST‘=>$_POST,‘GET‘=>$_GET, ‘content‘=>‘中文‘)); ?>