1.安装hadoop
2.从maven中下载mysql-connector-java-5.1.26-bin.jar（或其他jar版本）放在hive目录下的lib文件夹
3.配置hive环境变量，HIVE_HOME=F:\hadoop\apache-hive-2.1.1-bin
4.hive配置
hive的配置文件放在$HIVE_HOME/conf下，里面有4个默认的配置文件模板
hive-default.xml.template 默认模板
hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh默认配置
hive-exec-log4j.properties.template exec默认配置
hive-log4j.properties.template log默认配置
可不做任何修改hive也能运行，默认的配置元数据是存放在Derby数据库里面的，大多数人都不怎么熟悉，我们得改用mysql来存储我们的元数据，以及修改数据存放位置和日志存放位置等使得我们必须配置自己的环境，下面介绍如何配置。
（1）创建配置文件
$HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-default.xml.template -> $HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-site.xml
$HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-env.sh.template -> $HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-env.sh
$HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-exec-log4j.properties.template -> $HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-exec-log4j.properties
$HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-log4j.properties.template -> $HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-log4j.properties
（2）修改 hive-env.sh
export HADOOP_HOME=F:\hadoop\hadoop-2.7.2
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=F:\hadoop\apache-hive-2.1.1-bin\conf
export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=F:\hadoop\apache-hive-2.1.1-bin\lib
（3）修改 hive-site.xml
1 <!--修改的配置-->
2
3 <property>
4
5 <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
6
7 <!--hive的数据存储目录，指定的位置在hdfs上的目录-->
8
9 <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
10
11 <description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
12
13 </property>
14
15 <property>
16
17 <name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name>
18
19 <!--hive的临时数据目录，指定的位置在hdfs上的目录-->
20
21 <value>/tmp/hive</value>
22
23 <description>HDFS root scratch dir for Hive jobs which gets created with write all (733) permission. For each connecting user, an HDFS scratch dir: ${hive.exec.scratchdir}/<username> is created, with ${hive.scratch.dir.permission}.</description>
24
25 </property>
26
27 <property>
28
29 <name>hive.exec.local.scratchdir</name>
30
31 <!--本地目录-->
32
33 <value>F:/hadoop/apache-hive-2.1.1-bin/hive/iotmp</value>
34
35 <description>Local scratch space for Hive jobs</description>
36
37 </property>
38
39 <property>
40
41 <name>hive.downloaded.resources.dir</name>
42
43 <!--本地目录-->
44
45 <value>F:/hadoop/apache-hive-2.1.1-bin/hive/iotmp</value>
46
47 <description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.</description>
48
49 </property>
50
51 <property>
52
53 <name>hive.querylog.location</name>
54
55 <!--本地目录-->
56
57 <value>F:/hadoop/apache-hive-2.1.1-bin/hive/iotmp</value>
58
59 <description>Location of Hive run time structured log file</description>
60
61 </property>
62
63 <property>
64
65 <name>hive.server2.logging.operation.log.location</name>
66
67 <value>F:/hadoop/apache-hive-2.1.1-bin/hive/iotmp/operation_logs</value>
68
69 <description>Top level directory where operation logs are stored if logging functionality is enabled</description>
70
71 </property>
72
73 <!--新增的配置-->
74
75 <property>
76
77 <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
78
79 <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive?characterEncoding=UTF-8</value>
80
81 </property>
82
83 <property>
84
85 <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
86
87 <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
88
89 </property>
90
91 <property>
92
93 <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
94
95 <value>root</value>
96
97 </property>
98
99 <property>
100
101 <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
102
103 <value>root</value>
104
105 </property>
106
107 <!-- 解决 Required table missing : "`VERSION`" in Catalog "" Schema "". DataNucleus requires this table to perform its persistence operations. Either your MetaData is incorrect, or you need to enable "datanucleus.autoCreateTables" -->
108
109 <property>
110
111 <name>datanucleus.autoCreateSchema</name>
112
113 <value>true</value>
114
115 </property>
116
117 <property>
118
119 <name>datanucleus.autoCreateTables</name>
120
121 <value>true</value>
122
123 </property>
124
125 <property>
126
127 <name>datanucleus.autoCreateColumns</name>
128
129 <value>true</value>
130
131 </property>
132
133 <!-- 解决 Caused by: MetaException(message:Version information not found in metastore. ) -->
134
135 <property>
136
137 <name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
138
139 <value>false</value>
140
141 <description>
142
143 Enforce metastore schema version consistency.
144
145 True: Verify that version information stored in metastore matches with one from Hive jars. Also disable automatic
146
147 schema migration attempt. Users are required to manully migrate schema after Hive upgrade which ensures
148
149 proper metastore schema migration. (Default)
150
151 False: Warn if the version information stored in metastore doesn‘t match with one from in Hive jars.
152
153 </description>
154
155 </property>
注：需要事先在hadoop上创建hdfs目录
（4）日志文件配置 略
5.MySQL设置
（1）创建hive数据库： create database hive default character set latin1;
（2）grant all on hive.* to [email protected]‘localhost‘ identified by ‘hive‘;
flush privileges;
--本人用的是root用户，所以这步省略
6.
（1）启动hadoop：start-all.cmd
（2）启动metastore服务：hive --service metastore
（3）启动Hive：hive
若Hive成功启动，Hive本地模式安装完成。
7、查看mysql数据库
use hive; show tables;
8.在hive下建一张表：CREATE TABLE xp(id INT,name string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\t‘;
9.在MySQL中查看：select * from TBLS
安装过程中遇到的问题
（1）hive启动时报错Required table missing : "`VERSION`" in Catalog "" Schema "". DataNucleus requires this table to perform its persistence operations
参考 http://宋亚飞.中国/post/98
（2）Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
参考http://blog.csdn.net/freedomboy319/article/details/44828337
（3）Caused by: MetaException(message:Version information not found in metastore. )
参考 http://blog.csdn.net/youngqj/article/details/19987727
（4）Hive 创建表报"Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes" 错误
参考 http://blog.csdn.net/niityzu/article/details/46606581
其他参考文章：
http://www.cnblogs.com/hbwxcw/p/5960551.html hive-1.2.1安装步骤
http://blog.csdn.net/jdplus/article/details/46493553 Hive本地模式安装及遇到的问题和解决方案
http://www.coin163.com/it/x8681464370981050716/spark-Hive CentOS7伪分布式下 hive安装过程中遇到的问题及解决办法
http://www.bogotobogo.com/Hadoop/BigData_hadoop_Hive_Install_On_Ubuntu_16_04.php APACHE HADOOP : HIVE 2.1.0 INSTALL ON UBUNTU 16.04
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/yifengjianbai/p/8260064.html