从上一篇文章【温故知新】C#委托delegate可知，委托delegate和事件Event非常的相似，区别就是event关键字，给delegate穿上了个“马甲”。
让我们来看官方定义：
类或对象可以通过事件向其他类或对象通知发生的相关事情。 发送（或引发）事件的类称为“发行者”，接收（或处理）事件的类称为“订户”。
event 关键字用于在发行者类中声明事件。
定义非常明确，通过事件向其他类或对象通知发生的相关事情，用来实现的观察者模式。
还是通过之前的代码例子，看看声明delegate和event
//声明一个委托类型,通知家长
public delegate void NotifyDelegate(string msg);
//老师被吩咐了1个委托
//声明委托：在发现早恋时时通知家长
private NotifyDelegate NotifyStudentLove;
//声明事件，如果发现学生早恋！ 就要通知那些订阅了这个事件的家长。
public event NotifyDelegate FindStudentLove;
让我们通过IL DASM来看看编译之后事件event的真正面目~
.event Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate FindStudentLove
{
.addon instance void Delegate.Teacher::add_FindStudentLove(class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate)
.removeon instance void Delegate.Teacher::remove_FindStudentLove(class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate)
} // end of event Teacher::FindStudentLove
.method public hidebysig specialname instance void
add_FindStudentLove(class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate ‘value‘) cil managed
{
// 代码大小 48 (0x30)
.maxstack 3
.locals init (class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate V_0,
class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate V_1,
class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate V_2,
bool V_3)
IL_0000: ldarg.0
IL_0001: ldfld class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate Delegate.Teacher::FindStudentLove
IL_0006: stloc.0
IL_0007: ldloc.0
IL_0008: stloc.1
IL_0009: ldloc.1
IL_000a: ldarg.1
IL_000b: call class [mscorlib]System.Delegate [mscorlib]System.Delegate::Combine(class [mscorlib]System.Delegate,
class [mscorlib]System.Delegate)
IL_0010: castclass Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate
IL_0015: stloc.2
IL_0016: ldarg.0
IL_0017: ldflda class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate Delegate.Teacher::FindStudentLove
IL_001c: ldloc.2
IL_001d: ldloc.1
IL_001e: call !!0 [mscorlib]System.Threading.Interlocked::CompareExchange<class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate>(!!0&,
!!0,
!!0)
IL_0023: stloc.0
IL_0024: ldloc.0
IL_0025: ldloc.1
IL_0026: ceq
IL_0028: ldc.i4.0
IL_0029: ceq
IL_002b: stloc.3
IL_002c: ldloc.3
IL_002d: brtrue.s IL_0007
IL_002f: ret
} // end of method Teacher::add_FindStudentLove
.method public hidebysig specialname instance void
remove_FindStudentLove(class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate ‘value‘) cil managed
{
// 代码大小 48 (0x30)
.maxstack 3
.locals init (class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate V_0,
class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate V_1,
class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate V_2,
bool V_3)
IL_0000: ldarg.0
IL_0001: ldfld class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate Delegate.Teacher::FindStudentLove
IL_0006: stloc.0
IL_0007: ldloc.0
IL_0008: stloc.1
IL_0009: ldloc.1
IL_000a: ldarg.1
IL_000b: call class [mscorlib]System.Delegate [mscorlib]System.Delegate::Remove(class [mscorlib]System.Delegate,
class [mscorlib]System.Delegate)
IL_0010: castclass Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate
IL_0015: stloc.2
IL_0016: ldarg.0
IL_0017: ldflda class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate Delegate.Teacher::FindStudentLove
IL_001c: ldloc.2
IL_001d: ldloc.1
IL_001e: call !!0 [mscorlib]System.Threading.Interlocked::CompareExchange<class Delegate.Teacher/NotifyDelegate>(!!0&,
!!0,
!!0)
IL_0023: stloc.0
IL_0024: ldloc.0
IL_0025: ldloc.1
IL_0026: ceq
IL_0028: ldc.i4.0
IL_0029: ceq
IL_002b: stloc.3
IL_002c: ldloc.3
IL_002d: brtrue.s IL_0007
IL_002f: ret
} // end of method Teacher::remove_FindStudentLove
实际上编译器会帮你生成如下类似代码：
// 1. A PRIVATE delegate field that is initialized to null
private EventHandler<NewMailEventArgs> NewMail = null;
// 2. A PUBLIC add_Xxx method (where xxx is the Event name)
// Allows objects to register interest in the event.
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]
public void add_NewMail(EventHandler<NewMailEventArgs> value) {
NewMail = (EventHandler<NewMailEventArgs>)
Delegate.Combine(NewMail, value);
}
// 3. A PUBLIC remove_Xxx method (where Xxx is the Event name)
// Allows objects to unregister interest in the event.
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]
public void remove_NewMail(EventHandler<NewMailEventArgs> value) {
NewMail = (EventHandler<NewMailEventArgs>)
Delegate.Remove(NewMail, value);
}
当一个声明delegate前添加event之后，编译器为我们封装了delegate，这样，在之后的调用，就开放了+=，-=两个方法，这样极大保证了对象安全。
我们在使用c#内置事件的时候，总会发现EventHandler，EventArgs。这是因为.NET Framework为了规范，方便开发，已经为事件发布了准则。
.NET Framework 类库中的所有事件均基于 EventHandler 委托，定义如下：
public delegate void EventHandler(object sender, EventArgs e);
让我们把上一篇的代码改为符合.NET Framework事件准则
主场景：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Delegate
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//家长A,B
Parent pa = new Parent();
Parent pb = new Parent();
//家长A,B分别委托老师发现早恋情况时通知他们
Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
teacher.FindStudentLove += pa.ReceiveMsg;
teacher.FindStudentLove += pb.ReceiveMsg;
//老师开始检查早恋情况
teacher.CheckLove();
}
}
}
家长类：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Delegate
{
public class Parent
{
/// <summary>
/// 接收消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="msg">通知消息</param>
public void ReceiveMsg(object sender, StudentLoveEventArgs arg)
{
Console.WriteLine("家长收到通知：" + arg.Message);
}
}
}
老师类：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Delegate
{
public class StudentLoveEventArgs : EventArgs
{
public StudentLoveEventArgs(string s)
{
message = s;
}
private string message;
public string Message
{
get { return message; }
set { message = value; }
}
}
public class Teacher
{
//声明一个委托类型,通知家长
public delegate void NotifyDelegate(string msg);
//老师被吩咐了1个委托
//声明委托：在发现早恋时时通知家长
private NotifyDelegate NotifyStudentLove;
//声明事件，如果发现学生早恋！ 就要通知那些订阅了这个事件的家长。
public event EventHandler<StudentLoveEventArgs> FindStudentLove;
//如果还想委托老师发现学生玩手机的时候通知一声，再声明一个委托即可
private NotifyDelegate NotifyStudentPlayMobile;
//封装委托，使其符合面向对象,event关键字就为我们自动封装了。
public void add_NotifyStudentLove(NotifyDelegate newdelegate)
{
NotifyStudentLove += newdelegate;
}
public void CheckLove()
{
//某一天AB同学突然发生纠纷！被老师发现啦！
string msg = "A同学和B同学早恋啦！！";
//检查是否有人委托老师办事
if (FindStudentLove != null)
{
//果断通知家长
FindStudentLove(this, new StudentLoveEventArgs(msg));
}
}
}
}
时间： 2024-10-06 01:09:49