leetcode:Unique Binary Search Trees

Given n, how many structurally unique BST‘s (binary search trees) that store values 1...n?

For example,
Given n = 3, there are a total of 5 unique BST‘s.

   1         3     3      2      1
    \       /     /      / \           3     2     1      1   3      2
    /     /       \                    2     1         2                 3

注意:二分查找树的定义是,左子树节点均小于root,右子树节点均大于root!不要想当然地将某个点作为root时,认为其他所有节点都能全部放在left/right中,除非这个点是 min 或者 max 的。

分析:本题其实关键是递推过程的分析,n个点中每个点都可以作为root,当 i 作为root时,小于 i  的点都只能放在其左子树中,大于 i 的点只能放在右子树中,此时只需求出左、右子树各有多少种,二者相乘即为以 i 作为root时BST的总数。

开始时,我尝试用递归实现,但是超时了,可见系统对运行时间有要求。因为递归过程中存在大量的重复计算,从n一层层往下递归,故考虑类似于动态规划的思想,让底层的计算结果能够被重复利用,故用一个数组存储中间计算结果(即 1~n-1 对应的BST数目),这样只需双层循环即可,代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
    int numTrees(int n) {
        vector<int> num;
        num.push_back(1);
        for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){
            num.push_back(0);
            if(i<3)
                num[i]=i;
            else{
                for(int j=1; j<=i; j++)
                    num[i]+=num[j-1]*num[i-j];
            }
        }
        return num[n];
    }
};

  

时间: 2024-11-06 04:52:36

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