引导加载程序之争：了解 LILO 和 GRUB PCV

从普通的桌面用户到 Linux? 系统管理员，大部分 Linux 用户都使用过一种名为引导加载程序的工具。此类工具的不同变种会提供不同层次的支持和功能。在很多情况下，Linux 发行版默认安装的引导加载程序并不总是适合需要；每个引导加载程序的默认设置也是如此。在本文中，Laurence Bonney 讨论了两个流行的引导加载程序 —— LILO 和 GRUB —— 的优点和缺点，并建议了很多配置，以充分发掘机器的潜力。

1评论：

Laurence Bonney ([email protected]),
WebSphere MQ JMS Test Team Lead, IBM

2005 年 9 月 20 日

• 内容

在 IBM Bluemix 云平台上开发并部署您的下一个应用。

开始您的试用

在不考虑他们的工作或专业情况下，所有 Linux 用户都会使用的是哪个工具？引导加载程序。通过本文了解引导加载程序的工作原理，认识两个流行的引导加载程序 LILO（LInux LOader）和 GNU GRUB（GRand Unified Boot loader）， 并研究两者各自的优点和缺点。

什么是引导加载程序？

最简单地讲，引导加载程序（boot loader） 会引导操作系统。当机器引导它的操作系统时，BIOS 会读取引导介质上最前面的 512 字节（即人们所知的主引导记录（master boot record，MBR））。在单一的 MBR 中只能存储一个操作系统的引导记录，所以当需要多个操作系统时就会出现问题。所以需要更灵活的引导加载程序。

主引导记录本身要包含两类内容 —— 部分（或全部）引导加载程序以及分区表（其中包含有关于介质其余部分如何划分为分区的信息）。当 BIOS 引导时，它会寻找硬盘驱动器第一个扇区（MBR）中存储的数据；BIOS 使用存储在 MBR 中的数据激活引导加载程序。

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