题意
$t$ 组询问, 每组询问给定 $n$ , 求 $\sum_{k = 1} ^ n [n, k]$ .
$t \le 300000, n \le 1000000$ .
一些常用的式子以及证明
$\phi(n) = \sum_{d = 1} ^ n [(d, n) = 1]$ .
说明 用数学语言进行描述不大于 $n$ 的与 $n$ 互质的数的个数.
$n = \sum_{d | n} phi(d)$ .
证明 对分数 $\frac{i}{n} , 1 \le i \le n$ 的个数算两次.
$[n = 1] = \sum_{d | n} \mu(d)$ .
证明 设 $n = \prod_{k = 1} ^ m a_k ^ {b_k}$ .
$\sum_{d | n} \mu(d) = \sum_{k = 0} ^ m \binom{m}{k} {(-1)}^k = 0^m = [m = 0] = [n = 0]$ .
$\sum_{d | n} [(d, n) = 1] d = \frac{ n \phi(n) + [n = 1] }{2}$ .
证明 若 $(i, n) = 1$ , 则 $(i, n-i) = 1$ , 两个相加构成 $n$ , 一共有 $\frac{ \phi(n) }{2}$ 对.
当 $n = 1$ 时, 需要特殊处理.
分析
$$\begin{aligned} \sum_{k = 1} ^ n [k, n] & = n \sum_{k = 1} ^ n \frac{k}{(k, n)} \\ & = n \sum_{p | n} \frac{1}{p} \sum_{k = 1} ^ n k [p | k] [(k, n) = p] \\ & = n \sum_{p | n} ^ n \frac{1}{p} \sum_{k = 1} ^ {\frac{n}{p}} kp [(k, \frac{n}{p}) = 1] & = n \sum_{p | n} ^ n \sum_{k = 1} ^ {\frac{n}{p}} k [(k, \frac{n}{p}) = 1] & = n \sum_{p | n} \frac{p \phi(p) + [p = 1]}{2} \end{aligned} $$ .
线性筛 $\phi$ 函数, 调和级数的复杂度进行预处理.
实现
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cctype>
#define F(i, a, b) for (register int i = (a); i <= (b); i++)
#define LL long long
const int N = 1000000;
bool v[N+5]; int tot, p[N+5], phi[N+5];
LL ans[N+5];
inline int rd(void) {
int f = 1; char c = getchar(); for (; !isdigit(c); c = getchar()) if (c == ‘-‘) f = -1;
int x = 0; for (; isdigit(c); c = getchar()) x = x*10+c-‘0‘; return x*f;
}
int main(void) {
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
freopen("bzoj2226.in", "r", stdin);
freopen("bzoj2226.out", "w", stdout);
#endif
v[1] = false, phi[1] = 1;
F(i, 2, N) {
if (!v[i]) phi[ p[++tot] = i ] = i-1;
for (int j = 1; j <= tot && i * p[j] <= N; j++) {
v[i * p[j]] = true;
if (i % p[j] != 0)
phi[i * p[j]] = phi[i] * phi[p[j]];
else { phi[i * p[j]] = phi[i] * p[j]; break; }
}
}
F(i, 1, N) {
LL t = (1LL * i * phi[i] + (i == 1)) >> 1;
for (int j = i; j <= N; j += i)
ans[j] += t;
}
F(i, 1, N) ans[i] *= i;
int t = rd();
F(i, 1, t) {
int n = rd();
printf("%lld\n", ans[n]);
}
return 0;
}