用了一周多的时间终于把CDH版Hadoop部署在了测试环境,本文将就这个部署过程做个总结。
一、Hadoop版本选择。
Hadoop大致可分为Apache Hadoop和第三方发行第三方发行版Hadoop,考虑到Hadoop集群部署的高效,集群的稳定性,以及后期集中的配置管理,业界多使用Cloudera公司的发行版,简称为CDH。
下面是转载的Hadoop社区版本与第三方发行版本的比较:
Apache社区版本
优点:
- 完全开源免费。
- 社区活跃
- 文档、资料详实
缺点:
- 复杂的版本管理。版本管理比较混乱的,各种版本层出不穷,让很多使用者不知所措。
- 复杂的集群部署、安装、配置。通常按照集群需要编写大量的配置文件,分发到每一台节点上,容易出错,效率低下。
- 复杂的集群运维。对集群的监控,运维,需要安装第三方的其他软件,如ganglia,nagois等,运维难度较大。
- 复杂的生态环境。在Hadoop生态圈中,组件的选择、使用,比如Hive,Mahout,Sqoop,Flume,Spark,Oozie等等,需要大量考虑兼容性的问题,版本是否兼容,组件是否有冲突,编译是否能通过等。经常会浪费大量的时间去编译组件,解决版本冲突问题。
第三方发行版本(如CDH,HDP,MapR等)
优点:
- 基于Apache协议,100%开源。
- 版本管理清晰。比如Cloudera,CDH1,CDH2,CDH3,CDH4等,后面加上补丁版本,如CDH4.1.0 patch level 923.142,表示在原生态Apache Hadoop 0.20.2基础上添加了1065个patch。
- 比Apache Hadoop在兼容性、安全性、稳定性上有增强。第三方发行版通常都经过了大量的测试验证,有众多部署实例,大量的运行到各种生产环境。
- 版本更新快。通常情况,比如CDH每个季度会有一个update,每一年会有一个release。
- 基于稳定版本Apache Hadoop,并应用了最新Bug修复或Feature的patch
- 提供了部署、安装、配置工具,大大提高了集群部署的效率,可以在几个小时内部署好集群。
- 运维简单。提供了管理、监控、诊断、配置修改的工具,管理配置方便,定位问题快速、准确,使运维工作简单,有效。
缺点:
- 涉及到厂商锁定的问题。(可以通过技术解决)
转自:http://itindex.net/detail/51484-%E8%87%AA%E5%AD%A6-%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE-%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7
更多内容请看原作者博客。
二、安装介质准备
安装介质准备和安装部分主要参考:http://blog.csdn.net/shawnhu007/article/details/52579204,对其内容进行少许补充以做到能傻瓜安装的目的。
我们采用离线安装的方式,需要下载CDH离线安装包和相关组件:
- 操作系统采用CentOS Minimal 7 :http://124.205.69.134/files/4128000005F9FCB3/mirrors.zju.edu.cn/centos/7.4.1708/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1708.iso
- JDK环境 版本:jdk-8u101-linux-x64.rpm 下载地址:oracle官网mysql
- rpm包:http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-5.6.26-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tarjdbc连接包mysql-connector-java-5.1.39-bin.jar: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/
- CDH安装相关的包
- cloudera manager包 :5.7.2 cloudera-manager-centos7-cm5.7.2_x86_64.tar.gz
下载地址:http://archive.cloudera.com/cm5/cm/5/cloudera-manager-centos7-cm5.7.2_x86_64.tar.gz - CDH-5.7.2-1.cdh5.7.2.p0.11-el7.parcel
- CDH-5.7.2-1.cdh5.7.2.p0.11-el7.parcel.sha1
- manifest.json
以上三个下载地址在http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh5/parcels/5.7.2/,注意centos要下载el7的,我就因为一开始不清楚下的el6,结果提示parcels不知道redhat7,搞了好久才还原到初始重新来过
- cloudera manager包 :5.7.2 cloudera-manager-centos7-cm5.7.2_x86_64.tar.gz
介质下载和安装部分主要参考:http://blog.csdn.net/shawnhu007/article/details/52579204
在线安装请参考文章(对网速有较高要求):http://www.cnblogs.com/ee900222/p/hadoop_3.html
三、操作系统准备
准备好三台环境一样的centos7在本地虚拟机VMWare上,Cloudera发行版比起Apache社区版本安装对硬件的要求更高,内存至少10G,不然后面你会遇到各种问题,或许都找不到答案。
本人前2次安装失败就是因为节点分配内存太少,建议对于cloudera-scm-server就需要至少4G的内存,cloudera-scm-agent的内存至少也需要1.5G以上。
3台虚拟机环境如下:
IP地址 | 主机名 | 说明 |
192.168.42.128 | CDH1 | 主节点master,datanode |
192.168.42.129 | CDH2 | datanode |
192.168.42.30 | CDH3 | datanode |
四、开始安装前配置和预装软件
可以在VM中先安装1台机器,做完相关配置后再克隆出另外2台机器,以避免在3台机器上的重复配置
- 安装jdk(每台机器都要) ,首先卸载原有的openJDK
[[email protected]~]$ java -version [[email protected]~]$ rpm -qa | grep jdk java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.2.el7_0.x86_64 java-1.7.0-openjdk-headless-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.2.el7_0.x86_64 [[email protected]~]# yum -y remove java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.2.el7_0.x86_64 [[email protected]~]# yum -y remove java-1.7.0-openjdk-headless-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.2.el7_0.x86_64 [[email protected]~]# java -version bash: /usr/bin/java: No such file or directory [[email protected]~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u101-linux-x64.rpm [[email protected]~]# java -version java version "1.8.0_101" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_101-b13) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.101-b13, mixed mode)
- 修改每台节点服务器的有关配置hostname、selinux关闭,防火墙关闭;hostname修改:分别对三台都进行更改,并且注意每台名称和ip,每台都要配上hosts。下面以cdh1为例
[[email protected]~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=cdh1 [[email protected]~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.cdh1 192.168.42.128 cdh1 192.168.42.129 cdh2 192.168.42.130 cdh3
- selinux关闭(所有节点官方文档要求),机器重启后生效。
[[email protected]~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled [[email protected]~]#sestatus -v SELinux status: disabled 表示已经关闭了
- 关闭防火墙
[[email protected]~]# systemctl stop firewalld [[email protected]~]# systemctl disable firewalld rm ‘/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service‘ rm ‘/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service‘ [[email protected]~]# systemctl status firewalld firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled) Active: inactive (dead)
- NTP服务器配置(用于3个节点间实现时间同步)
[[email protected]~]#yum -y install ntp 更改master的节点 [[email protected]~]## vi /etc/ntp.conf 注释掉所有server *.*.*的指向,新添加一条可连接的ntp服务器(我选的本公司的ntp测试服务器) server 172.30.0.19 iburst 在其他节点上把ntp指向master服务器地址即可(/etc/ntp.conf下) server 192.168.42.128 iburst [[email protected]~]## systemctl start ntpd //启动ntp服务 [[email protected]~]## systemctl status ntpd //查看ntp服务状态
- SSH无密码登录配置,各个节点都需要设置免登录密码
下面以192.168.42.128到192.168.42.129的免密登录设置举例
[[email protected] /]# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists. Overwrite (y/n)? y Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 1d:e9:b4:ed:1d:e5:c6:a7:f3:23:ac:02:2b:8c:fc:ca [email protected] The key‘s randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | | | . | | + .| | + + + | | S + . . =| | . . . +.| | . o o o + | | .o o . . o + | | Eo.. ... . o| +-----------------+ [[email protected] /]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.42.129 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys [email protected]192.168.42.129‘s password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh ‘192.168.42.129‘" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
- 安装mysql
centos7自带的是mariadb,需要先卸载掉
[[email protected] /]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 [[email protected] /]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 [[email protected] /]# tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar //mysql rpm包拷贝到服务器上然后解压 [[email protected] /]# rpm -ivh MySQL-*.rpm //安装释出的全部rpm [[email protected] /]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf [[email protected] /]# vi /etc/my.cnf //在配置文件中增加以下配置并保存 [mysqld] default-storage-engine = innodb innodb_file_per_table collation-server = utf8_general_ci init-connect = ‘SET NAMES utf8‘ character-set-server = utf8 [[email protected] /]# yum install -y perl-Module-Install.noarch [[email protected] /]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db //初始化mysql [[email protected] /]# service mysql restart //启动mysql ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found! Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! [[email protected] /]# cat /root/.mysql_secret //查看mysql root初始化密码 # The random password set for the root user at Fri Sep 22 11:13:25 2017 (local time): 9mp7uYFmgt6drdq3 [[email protected] /]# mysql -u root -p //登录进行去更改密码 mysql> SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(‘123456‘); mysql> update user set host=‘%‘ where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘; //允许mysql远程访问 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) [[email protected] /]# chkconfig mysql on //配置开机启动
[[email protected] /]# tar -zcvf mysql-connector-java-5.1.44.tar.gz // 解压mysql-connector-java-5.1.44.tar.gz得到mysql-connector-java-5.1.44-bin.jar
[[email protected] /]# mkdir /usr/share/java // 在各节点创建java文件夹
[[email protected] /]# cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.44-bin.jar /usr/share/java/mysql-connector-java.jar //将mysql-connector-java-5.1.44-bin.jar拷贝到/usr/share/java路径下并重命名为mysql-connector-java.jar
- 创建数据库
create database hive DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) create database amon DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) create database hue DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) create database monitor DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) create database oozie DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) grant all on *.* to root@"%" Identified by "123456";
五、安装Cloudera-Manager
//解压cm tar包到指定目录所有服务器都要(或者在主节点解压好,然后通过scp到各个节点同一目录下) [[email protected] ~]#mkdir /opt/cloudera-manager [[email protected] ~]# tar -axvf cloudera-manager-centos7-cm5.7.2_x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/cloudera-manager //创建cloudera-scm用户(所有节点) [[email protected] ~]# useradd --system --home=/opt/cloudera-manager/cm-5.7.2/run/cloudera-scm-server --no-create-home --shell=/bin/false --comment "Cloudera SCM User" cloudera-scm //在主节点创建cloudera-manager-server的本地元数据保存目录 [[email protected] ~]# mkdir /var/cloudera-scm-server [[email protected] ~]# chown cloudera-scm:cloudera-scm /var/cloudera-scm-server [[email protected] ~]# chown cloudera-scm:cloudera-scm /opt/cloudera-manager //配置从节点cloudera-manger-agent指向主节点服务器 [[email protected] ~]# vi /opt/cloudera-manager/cm-5.7.2/etc/cloudera-scm-agent/config.ini 将server_host改为CMS所在的主机名即cdh1 //主节点中创建parcel-repo仓库目录 [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo [[email protected] ~]# chown cloudera-scm:cloudera-scm /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo [[email protected] ~]# cp CDH-5.7.2-1.cdh5.7.2.p0.18-el7.parcel CDH-5.7.2-1.cdh5.7.2.p0.18-el7.parcel.sha manifest.json /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo 注意:其中CDH-5.7.2-1.cdh5.7.2.p0.18-el5.parcel.sha1 后缀要把1去掉 //所有节点创建parcels目录 [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /opt/cloudera/parcels [[email protected] ~]# chown cloudera-scm:cloudera-scm /opt/cloudera/parcels 解释:Clouder-Manager将CDHs从主节点的/opt/cloudera/parcel-repo目录中抽取出来,分发解压激活到各个节点的/opt/cloudera/parcels目录中 //初始脚本配置数据库scm_prepare_database.sh(在主节点上) [[email protected] ~]# /opt/cloudera-manager/cm-5.7.2/share/cmf/schema/scm_prepare_database.sh mysql -hcdh1 -uroot -p123456 --scm-host cdh1 scmdbn scmdbu scmdbp 说明:这个脚本就是用来创建和配置CMS需要的数据库的脚本。各参数是指: mysql:数据库用的是mysql,如果安装过程中用的oracle,那么该参数就应该改为oracle。 -cdh1:数据库建立在cdh1主机上面,也就是主节点上面。 -uroot:root身份运行mysql。-123456:mysql的root密码是***。 --scm-host cdh1:CMS的主机,一般是和mysql安装的主机是在同一个主机上,最后三个参数是:数据库名,数据库用户名,数据库密码。 如果报错: ERROR com.cloudera.enterprise.dbutil.DbProvisioner - Exception when creating/dropping database with user ‘root‘ and jdbc url ‘jdbc:mysql://localhost/?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8‘ java.sql.SQLException: Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘cdh1‘ (using password: YES) 则参考 http://forum.spring.io/forum/spring-projects/web/57254-java-sql-sqlexception-access-denied-for-user-root-localhost-using-password-yes 运行如下命令: update user set PASSWORD=PASSWORD(‘123456‘) where user=‘root‘; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘cdh1‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘ WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; //启动主节点 [[email protected] ~]# cp /opt/cloudera-manager/cm-5.7.2/etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-server /etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-server [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig cloudera-scm-server on [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-server CMF_DEFAULTS=${CMF_DEFAULTS:-/etc/default}改为=/opt/cloudera-manager/cm-5.7.2/etc/default [[email protected] ~]# service cloudera-scm-server start //同时为了保证在每次服务器重启的时候都能启动cloudera-scm-server,应该在开机启动脚本/etc/rc.local中加入命令:service cloudera-scm-server restart //启动cloudera-scm-agent所有节点 [[email protected] ~]# mkdir /opt/cloudera-manager/cm-5.7.2/run/cloudera-scm-agent [[email protected] ~]# cp /opt/cloudera-manager/cm-5.7.2/etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-agent /etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-agent [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig cloudera-scm-agent on [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-agent CMF_DEFAULTS=${CMF_DEFAULTS:-/etc/default}改为=/opt/cloudera-manager/cm-5.7.2/etc/default [[email protected] ~]# service cloudera-scm-agent start //同时为了保证在每次服务器重启的时候都能启动cloudera-scm-agent,应该在开机启动脚本/etc/rc.local中加入命令:service cloudera-scm-agent restart