1.1 基本操作命令
注：这些命令需要root用户操作。
[[email protected] dev]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc doesn‘t contain a valid partition table
通过fdisk -l可以看到我新增加的两块硬盘/dev/sdb和/dev/sdc，其中
/dev/sdb已经将整个盘划分为一个分区，分区为/dev/sdb1，
/dev/sdc没有做任何操作
创建物理卷PV（新增加的硬盘做过分区和没做过分区的都可以）
[[email protected] dev]# pvcreate /dev/sdc
Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created
[[email protected] dev]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[[email protected] ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID MJvq2Y-90D9-WRll-H0iS-D3Dk-FxQ0-XwOkgV
"/dev/sdc" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID f8YIH8-QeeS-9Bm5-03J7-aC7A-Jv3L-4oJWCp
创建卷组VG
[[email protected] dev]# vgcreate myVG /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc
[[email protected] dev]# vgdisplay myVG
--- Volume group ---
VG Name myVG
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 19.99 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 5118
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 5118 / 19.99 GB
VG UUID MfR8kV-FPK8-uHCh-69Ov-U3Bv-1FGl-T6LJjc
创建逻辑卷LV
[[email protected] dev]# lvcreate -L 10G -n his01 myVG
[[email protected] myVG]# ll
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 05-22 11:21 his01 -> /dev/mapper/myVG-his01
[[email protected] ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/myVG/his01
VG Name myVG
LV UUID KJonBk-01Zb-uWoe-Sq0N-7VLN-zz1c-EXYS3U
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 10.00 GB
Current LE 2560
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
删除逻辑卷LV
[[email protected] ~]# lvremove /dev/myVG/his01
Do you really want to remove active logical volume his01? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "his01" successfully removed
删除卷组VG
[[email protected] ~]# vgremove myVG
Volume group "myVG" successfully removed
删除物理卷PV
[[email protected] ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped
[[email protected] ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully wiped
给现有的卷组中添加物理卷
[[email protected] ~]# vgextend myvg /dev/sdc
Volume group "myvg" successfully extended
[[email protected] ~]# vgreduce myvg /dev/sdc
Removed "/dev/sdc" from volume group "myvg"
1.2 模拟操作场景
1.2.1 扩大app1空间
发现app1目录已经100%，无法再正常存储数据，需要扩大app1空间；
[[email protected] app1]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用可用已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda1 18G 14G 2.6G 85% /
tmpfs 1.5G 154M 1.4G 11% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/myvg-db_bak
5.0G 139M 4.6G 3% /db_bak
/dev/mapper/myvg-app1
9.9G 147M 0G 100% /app1
1）检查VG里面是否还有多余的空间可以利用
[[email protected] app1]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name myvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 9
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 7
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 29.99 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 7677
Alloc PE / Size 3865 / 15.10 GB
Free PE / Size 3812 / 14.89 GB
VG UUID 4CehT9-tzot-AkJW-yNRp-NFTx-SnPm-2BPSUI
myvg总共有30G的空间，已经使用了15G，还有15G可以利用。
[[email protected] app1]# umount -l /dev/myvg/app1
2）使用命令lvextend -L|--size +逻辑卷大小增量逻辑卷全路径名
[[email protected] app1]# lvextend -L +3G /dev/myvg/app1
Extending logical volume app1 to 13.00 GB
Logical volume app1 successfully resized
[[email protected] app1]# lvdisplay /dev/myvg/app1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/myvg/app1
VG Name myvg
LV UUID RkVYoo-3R5r-4s7A-jTpI-9jkS-W7y4-Oekmgm
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 13.00 GB
Current LE 3328
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:6
3）强行检查磁盘
[[email protected] ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/app1
e2fsck 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/myvg/app1: 11/1048576 files (9.1% non-contiguous), 70321/2097152 blocks
4）重新定义磁盘
[[email protected] app1]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/app1
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/myvg/app1 is mounted on /app1; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/myvg/app1 to 3407872 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/myvg/app1 is now 3407872 blocks long.
5）挂载磁盘
[[email protected] app1]#mount /dev/myvg/app1
--查看已经成功增加
[[email protected] app1]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用可用已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda1 18G 14G 2.6G 85% /
tmpfs 1.5G 154M 1.4G 11% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/myvg-db_bak
5.0G 139M 4.6G 3% /db_bak
/dev/mapper/myvg-app1
13G 149M 13G 2% /app1
1.2.2 虚拟机增加硬盘空间提供给数据库
例如从300G增加成400G
1、先删除VG，系统提示是否删除LV，选择是
2、删除PV
3、创建PV， PV变成400G
4、创建VG、LV，直到原来的LV数量后，
5、激活chunks 例如：onspaces-s <spacename> -p <path> -o <offset> -O -y
6、多余的空间增加LV，并增加到表空间
1.2.3 给虚拟机增加空间
1）给虚拟机增加一块磁盘
2）重启虚拟机
3）fdisk -l 看一下，例如新增的磁盘是/dev/sdb
4）创建物理卷PV，执行pvcreate /dev/sdb
5）vgdisplay和pvdisplay 分别查看一下
6）给现有的卷组中添加物理卷 vgextend vghome /dev/sdb
7）这个时候我们看vghome已经扩大了，lvdisplay命名查看我们要扩展哪个LV
8）使用命令lvextend -L|--size +逻辑卷大小增量逻辑卷全路径名
lvextend -L +30G /dev/vghome/lv_home
先添加了30G，原本是追加的50G磁盘，VG还剩余约20G没有使用。
9）强行检查磁盘e2fsck -f /dev/vghome/lv_home
需要一点儿时间，选择y就行。
10）重新定义磁盘 resize2fs /dev/vghome/lv_home
等待执行完成，再df -h 看一下，这个时候50G了，扩展了30G。（记住此时我们还有20G空间没用，在VG里，下次可以拿来一用，参见“扩大app1空间”）