? 书中第五章部分程序，包括在加上自己补充的代码，Trie 树类，Trie 集合，三值搜索树（Ternary Search Trie）
● Trie 树类
1 package package01;
2
3 import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdIn;
4 import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;
5 import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Queue;
6
7 public class class01<Value>
8 {
9 private static final int R = 256; // 扩展 ASCII
10
11 private Node root;
12 private int n; // 总节点数
13
14 private static class Node // 节点类，含当前节点代表的值，以及 R 路支链
15 {
16 private Object val;
17 private Node[] next = new Node[R];
18 }
19
20 public class01() {}
21
22 public boolean contains(String key)
23 {
24 if (key == null)
25 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<contains> key == null.\n");
26 return get(key) != null;
27 }
28
29 public Value get(String key)
30 {
31 if (key == null)
32 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<get> key == null.\n");
33 Node x = getKernel(root, key, 0);
34 return (x == null) ? null : (Value)x.val; // 找到了就返回，没找到返回 null
35 }
36
37 private Node getKernel(Node x, String key, int d) // 注意返回的是节点，与 get 不同
38 {
39 if (x == null) // 先判断当前节点是否为空，再判断是否到达搜索终点，然后考虑递归
40 return null;
41 if (d == key.length())
42 return x;
43 return getKernel(x.next[key.charAt(d)], key, d + 1);
44 }
45
46 public void put(String key, Value val)
47 {
48 if (key == null)
49 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<put> key == null.\n");
50 if (val == null)
51 delete(key);
52 else
53 root = putKernel(root, key, val, 0);
54 }
55
56 private Node putKernel(Node x, String key, Value val, int d)
57 {
58 if (x == null) // 先判断当前节点是否为空，再判断是否到达搜索终点，然后考虑递归
59 x = new Node();
60 if (d == key.length())
61 {
62 if (x.val == null) // 节点为空，节点数 +1
63 n++;
64 x.val = val; // 赋上新值
65 }
66 else
67 {
68 char c = key.charAt(d);
69 x.next[c] = putKernel(x.next[c], key, val, d + 1);
70 }
71 return x;
72 }
73
74 public int size()
75 {
76 return n;
77 }
78
79 public boolean isEmpty()
80 {
81 return size() == 0;
82 }
83
84 public Iterable<String> keys() // 生成所有键的迭代器（遍历）
85 {
86 return keyPrefix("");
87 }
88
89 public Iterable<String> keyPrefix(String prefix) // 生成具有给定前缀的所有键的迭代器
90 {
91 Queue<String> results = new Queue<String>();
92 Node x = getKernel(root, prefix, 0); // 先抵达前缀结束时的搜索节点
93 collectPrefix(x, new StringBuilder(prefix), results); // 在此基础上遍历并放入迭代器
94 return results;
95 }
96
97 private void collectPrefix(Node x, StringBuilder prefix, Queue<String> results) // 遍历 x 为根节点的表，prefix 用来生成结果的，不参与遍历
98 {
99 if (x == null)
100 return;
101 if (x.val != null)
102 results.enqueue(prefix.toString()); // 除了给定前缀，没有多余字符的情况
103 for (char c = 0; c < R; c++) // 每次循环尝试添加一个字符，遍历子节点，然后删掉
104 {
105 prefix.append(c);
106 collectPrefix(x.next[c], prefix, results);
107 prefix.deleteCharAt(prefix.length() - 1);
108 }
109 }
110
111 public Iterable<String> keyPattern(String pattern) // 生成具有给定模式的所有键的迭代器
112 {
113 Queue<String> results = new Queue<String>();
114 collectPattern(root, new StringBuilder(), pattern, results);
115 return results;
116 }
117
118 private void collectPattern(Node x, StringBuilder prefix, String pattern, Queue<String> results)
119 {
120 if (x == null)
121 return;
122 int d = prefix.length();
123 if (d == pattern.length()) // 已经到了模式的尽头
124 {
125 if (x.val != null)
126 results.enqueue(prefix.toString());
127 return;
128 }
129 char c = pattern.charAt(d);
130 if (c == ‘.‘)
131 {
132 for (char ch = 0; ch < R; ch++) // 模式是 ‘.‘，像 collectPrefix 那样尝试添加每一个字符来遍历子节点，然后删掉
133 {
134 prefix.append(ch);
135 collectPattern(x.next[ch], prefix, pattern, results);
136 prefix.deleteCharAt(prefix.length() - 1);
137 }
138 }
139 else // 否则只添加确定的字符，遍历其子节点，之后也要删掉
140 {
141 prefix.append(c);
142 collectPattern(x.next[c], prefix, pattern, results);
143 prefix.deleteCharAt(prefix.length() - 1);
144 }
145 }
146
147 public String longestPrefixOf(String query) // 找出与给定串有相同前缀的键的最大长度
148 {
149 if (query == null)
150 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<longestPrefixOf> query == null.\n");
151 int length = longestPrefixOfKernel(root, query, 0, -1);
152 if (length == -1)
153 return null;
154 return query.substring(0, length);
155 }
156
157 private int longestPrefixOfKernel(Node x, String query, int d, int length)
158 {
159 if (x == null)
160 return length;
161 if (x.val != null)
162 length = d;
163 if (d == query.length())
164 return length;
165 return longestPrefixOfKernel(x.next[query.charAt(d)], query, d + 1, length);
166 }
167
168 public void delete(String key)
169 {
170 if (key == null)
171 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<delete> key == null.\n");
172 root = deleteKernel(root, key, 0);
173 }
174
175 private Node deleteKernel(Node x, String key, int d) // 删除节点
176 {
177 if (x == null)
178 return null;
179 if (d == key.length()) // 到达对应深度
180 {
181 if (x.val != null) // 目标节点存在，总结点数 -1
182 n--;
183 x.val = null;
184 }
185 else // 还没达到对应深度，继续下潜
186 {
187 char c = key.charAt(d);
188 x.next[c] = deleteKernel(x.next[c], key, d + 1);
189 }
190 if (x.val != null) // 返回途中，发现盖层 x 还没有被删，返回 x
191 return x;
192 for (int c = 0; c < R; c++) // x 已经被删，但是 x 还有子节点
193 {
194 if (x.next[c] != null)
195 return x;
196 }
197 return null; // x 已经被删，且没有子节点，返回 null
198 }
199
200 public static void main(String[] args)
201 {
202 class01<Integer> st = new class01<Integer>();
203 for (int i = 0; !StdIn.isEmpty(); i++) // 输入键
204 st.put(StdIn.readString(), i);
205 if (st.size() < 100) // 输出保存的键
206 {
207 StdOut.println("keys(\"\"):");
208 for (String key : st.keys())
209 StdOut.println(key + " " + st.get(key));
210 StdOut.println();
211 }
212
213 StdOut.println("longestPrefixOf(\"shellsort\"):");
214 StdOut.println(st.longestPrefixOf("shellsort"));
215 StdOut.println();
216
217 StdOut.println("longestPrefixOf(\"quicksort\"):");
218 StdOut.println(st.longestPrefixOf("quicksort"));
219 StdOut.println();
220
221 StdOut.println("keyPrefix(\"shor\"):");
222 for (String s : st.keyPrefix("shor"))
223 StdOut.println(s);
224 StdOut.println();
225
226 StdOut.println("keyPattern(\".he.l.\"):");
227 for (String s : st.keyPattern(".he.l."))
228 StdOut.println(s);
229 }
230 }
● Trie 集合
1 package package01;
2
3 import java.util.Iterator;
4 import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdIn;
5 import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;
6 import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Queue;
7
8 public class class01 implements Iterable<String>// 需要 string 的迭代器
9 {
10 private static final int R = 256;
11
12 private Node root;
13 private int n;
14
15 private static class Node
16 {
17 private boolean isString; // 是否存在以当前节点为结尾的键
18 private Node[] next = new Node[R];
19 }
20
21 public class01() {}
22
23 public boolean contains(String key)
24 {
25 if (key == null)
26 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<contains> key == null.\n");
27 Node x = get(root, key, 0);
28 return (x == null) ? false : x.isString;// 是否为空的判断方式不同
29 }
30
31 private Node get(Node x, String key, int d) // 没有 get 和 getKernel 的区分
32 {
33 if (x == null)
34 return null;
35 if (d == key.length())
36 return x;
37 return get(x.next[key.charAt(d)], key, d + 1);
38 }
39
40 public void put(String key)// 少了 val 参数
41 {
42 if (key == null)
43 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<put> key == null.\n");
44 root = putKernel(root, key, 0);
45 }
46
47 private Node putKernel(Node x, String key, int d)
48 {
49 if (x == null)
50 x = new Node();
51 if (d == key.length())
52 {
53 if (!x.isString) // 是否为空的判断条件不同
54 n++;
55 x.isString = true;
56 }
57 else
58 {
59 char c = key.charAt(d);
60 x.next[c] = putKernel(x.next[c], key, d + 1);
61 }
62 return x;
63 }
64
65 public int size()
66 {
67 return n;
68 }
69
70 public boolean isEmpty()
71 {
72 return size() == 0;
73 }
74
75 public Iterator<String> iterator() // 不是 Iterable，Iterator
76 {
77 return keyPrefix("").iterator();
78 }
79
80 public Iterable<String> keyPrefix(String prefix)
81 {
82 Queue<String> results = new Queue<String>();
83 Node x = get(root, prefix, 0);
84 collectPrefix(x, new StringBuilder(prefix), results);
85 return results;
86 }
87
88 private void collectPrefix(Node x, StringBuilder prefix, Queue<String> results)
89 {
90 if (x == null)
91 return;
92 if (x.isString)
93 results.enqueue(prefix.toString());
94 for (char c = 0; c < R; c++)
95 {
96 prefix.append(c);
97 collectPrefix(x.next[c], prefix, results);
98 prefix.deleteCharAt(prefix.length() - 1);
99 }
100 }
101
102 public Iterable<String> keyPattern(String pattern)
103 {
104 Queue<String> results = new Queue<String>();
105 collectPattern(root, new StringBuilder(), pattern, results);
106 return results;
107 }
108
109 private void collectPattern(Node x, StringBuilder prefix, String pattern, Queue<String> results)
110 {
111 if (x == null)
112 return;
113 int d = prefix.length();
114 if (d == pattern.length())
115 {
116 if (x.isString)
117 results.enqueue(prefix.toString());
118 return;
119 }
120 char c = pattern.charAt(d);
121 if (c == ‘.‘)
122 {
123 for (char ch = 0; ch < R; ch++)
124 {
125 prefix.append(ch);
126 collectPattern(x.next[ch], prefix, pattern, results);
127 prefix.deleteCharAt(prefix.length() - 1);
128 }
129 }
130 else
131 {
132 prefix.append(c);
133 collectPattern(x.next[c], prefix, pattern, results);
134 prefix.deleteCharAt(prefix.length() - 1);
135 }
136 }
137
138 public String longestPrefixOf(String query)
139 {
140 if (query == null)
141 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<longestPrefixOf> query == null.\n");
142 int length = longestPrefixOfKernel(root, query, 0, -1);
143 if (length == -1)
144 return null;
145 return query.substring(0, length);
146 }
147
148 private int longestPrefixOfKernel(Node x, String query, int d, int length)
149 {
150 if (x == null)
151 return length;
152 if (x.isString)
153 length = d;
154 if (d == query.length())
155 return length;
156 return longestPrefixOfKernel(x.next[query.charAt(d)], query, d+1, length);
157 }
158
159 public void delete(String key)
160 {
161 if (key == null)
162 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<delete> key == null.\n");
163 root = deleteKernel(root, key, 0);
164 }
165
166 private Node deleteKernel(Node x, String key, int d)
167 {
168 if (x == null)
169 return null;
170 if (d == key.length())
171 {
172 if (x.isString)
173 n--;
174 x.isString = false;
175 }
176 else
177 {
178 char c = key.charAt(d);
179 x.next[c] = deleteKernel(x.next[c], key, d+1);
180 }
181 if (x.isString)
182 return x;
183 for (int c = 0; c < R; c++)
184 {
185 if (x.next[c] != null)
186 return x;
187 }
188 return null;
189 }
190
191 public static void main(String[] args)
192 {
193 class01 st = new class01();
194 for (; !StdIn.isEmpty(); st.put(StdIn.readString()));
195 if (st.size() < 100)
196 {
197 StdOut.println("keys(\"\"):");
198 for (String key : st)
199 StdOut.println(key);
200 StdOut.println();
201 }
202
203 StdOut.println("longestPrefixOf(\"shellsort\"):");
204 StdOut.println(st.longestPrefixOf("shellsort"));
205 StdOut.println();
206
207 StdOut.println("longestPrefixOf(\"xshellsort\"):");
208 StdOut.println(st.longestPrefixOf("xshellsort"));
209 StdOut.println();
210
211 StdOut.println("keyPrefix(\"shor\"):");
212 for (String s : st.keyPrefix("shor"))
213 StdOut.println(s);
214 StdOut.println();
215
216 StdOut.println("keyPrefix(\"shortening\"):");
217 for (String s : st.keyPrefix("shortening"))
218 StdOut.println(s);
219 StdOut.println();
220
221 StdOut.println("keyPattern(\".he.l.\"):");
222 for (String s : st.keyPattern(".he.l."))
223 StdOut.println(s);
224 }
225 }
● 三值搜索树
1 package package01;
2
3 import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdIn;
4 import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;
5 import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Queue;
6
7 public class class01<Value>
8 {
9 private Node<Value> root;
10 private int n;
11
12 private static class Node<Value>
13 {
14 private char c;
15 private Node<Value> left, mid, right;
16 private Value val;
17 }
18
19 public class01() {}
20
21 public boolean contains(String key)
22 {
23 if (key == null)
24 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<contains> key == null.\n");
25 return get(key) != null;
26 }
27
28 public Value get(String key)
29 {
30 if (key == null || key.length() == 0)
31 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<get> key == null || key.length() == 0.\n");
32 Node<Value> x = getKernel(root, key, 0);
33 return (x == null) ? null : x.val;
34 }
35
36 private Node<Value> getKernel(Node<Value> x, String key, int d)
37 {
38 if (x == null)
39 return null;
40 char c = key.charAt(d);
41 if (c < x.c)
42 return getKernel(x.left, key, d); // 向左右搜索的时候深度不变
43 if (c > x.c)
44 return getKernel(x.right, key, d);
45 if (d < key.length() - 1)
46 return getKernel(x.mid, key, d + 1); // 向中路搜索的时候深度要变化
47 return x;
48 }
49
50 public void put(String key, Value val)
51 {
52 if (key == null)
53 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<put> key == null.\n");
54 if (!contains(key))
55 n++;
56 root = putKernel(root, key, val, 0);
57 }
58
59 private Node<Value> putKernel(Node<Value> x, String key, Value val, int d)
60 {
61 char c = key.charAt(d);
62 if (x == null)
63 {
64 x = new Node<Value>();
65 x.c = c;
66 }
67 if (c < x.c)
68 x.left = putKernel(x.left, key, val, d);
69 else if (c > x.c)
70 x.right = putKernel(x.right, key, val, d);
71 else if (d < key.length() - 1)
72 x.mid = putKernel(x.mid, key, val, d + 1);
73 else
74 x.val = val;
75 return x;
76 }
77
78 public int size()
79 {
80 return n;
81 }
82
83 public boolean isEmpty()
84 {
85 return size() == 0;
86 }
87
88 public Iterable<String> keys() // 需要直接从前缀中去字符参加比较，不能用 keyPrefix("")
89 {
90 Queue<String> queue = new Queue<String>();
91 collectPrefix(root, new StringBuilder(), queue);
92 return queue;
93 }
94
95 public Iterable<String> keyPrefix(String prefix)
96 {
97 Queue<String> queue = new Queue<String>();
98 Node<Value> x = getKernel(root, prefix, 0);
99 if (x == null)
100 return queue;
101 if (x.val != null)
102 queue.enqueue(prefix);
103 collectPrefix(x.mid, new StringBuilder(prefix), queue);
104 return queue;
105 }
106
107 private void collectPrefix(Node<Value> x, StringBuilder prefix, Queue<String> queue)
108 {
109 if (x == null)
110 return;
111 collectPrefix(x.left, prefix, queue);
112 if (x.val != null)
113 queue.enqueue(prefix.toString() + x.c);
114 collectPrefix(x.mid, prefix.append(x.c), queue);
115 prefix.deleteCharAt(prefix.length() - 1);
116 collectPrefix(x.right, prefix, queue);
117 }
118
119 public Iterable<String> keyPattern(String pattern)
120 {
121 Queue<String> queue = new Queue<String>();
122 collectPattern(root, new StringBuilder(), 0, pattern, queue);
123 return queue;
124 }
125
126 private void collectPattern(Node<Value> x, StringBuilder prefix, int i, String pattern, Queue<String> queue)
127 {
128 if (x == null)
129 return;
130 char c = pattern.charAt(i);
131 if (c == ‘.‘ || c < x.c) // 分解为 c 和 x.c 的三种情况，插上 ‘.‘ 的情况
132 collectPattern(x.left, prefix, i, pattern, queue);
133 if (c == ‘.‘ || c == x.c)
134 {
135 if (i == pattern.length() - 1 && x.val != null)
136 queue.enqueue(prefix.toString() + x.c);
137 if (i < pattern.length() - 1)
138 {
139 collectPattern(x.mid, prefix.append(x.c), i + 1, pattern, queue);
140 prefix.deleteCharAt(prefix.length() - 1);
141 }
142 }
143 if (c == ‘.‘ || c > x.c)
144 collectPattern(x.right, prefix, i, pattern, queue);
145 }
146
147 public String longestPrefixOf(String query)
148 {
149 if (query == null || query.length() == 0)
150 throw new IllegalArgumentException("\n<longestPrefixOf> query == null || query.length() == 0.\n");
151 int length = 0;
152 Node<Value> x = root;
153 for (int i = 0; x != null && i < query.length();) // i 为当前匹配的长度
154 {
155 char c = query.charAt(i);
156 if (c < x.c)
157 x = x.left;
158 else if (c > x.c)
159 x = x.right;
160 else
161 {
162 i++;
163 if (x.val != null)
164 length = i;
165 x = x.mid;
166 }
167 }
168 return query.substring(0, length);
169 }
170
171 public static void main(String[] args)
172 {
173 class01<Integer> st = new class01<Integer>();
174 for (int i = 0; !StdIn.isEmpty(); i++)
175 {
176 String key = StdIn.readString();
177 st.put(key, i);
178 }
179
180 if (st.size() < 100)
181 {
182 StdOut.println("keys(\"\"):");
183 for (String key : st.keys())
184 StdOut.println(key + " " + st.get(key));
185 StdOut.println();
186 }
187
188 StdOut.println("longestPrefixOf(\"shellsort\"):");
189 StdOut.println(st.longestPrefixOf("shellsort"));
190 StdOut.println();
191
192 StdOut.println("longestPrefixOf(\"shell\"):");
193 StdOut.println(st.longestPrefixOf("shell"));
194 StdOut.println();
195
196 StdOut.println("keysWithPrefix(\"shor\"):");
197 for (String s : st.keyPrefix("shor"))
198 StdOut.println(s);
199 StdOut.println();
200
201 StdOut.println("keysThatMatch(\".he.l.\"):");
202 for (String s : st.keyPattern(".he.l."))
203 StdOut.println(s);
204 }
205 }
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/cuancuancuanhao/p/9869294.html
时间： 2024-08-22 23:17:56