在国外看到详细的说明一篇，非常浅显透彻。转给国内的筒子们:-)
原文标题：
Spring中的<context:annotation-config>与<context:component-scan>到底有什么不同？
原文出处：http://stackoverflow.com/a/7456501
<context:annotation-config> is used to activate annotations in beans already registered in the application context (no matter if they were defined with XML or by package scanning).
<context:component-scan> can also do what <context:annotation-config> does but <context:component-scan> also scans packages to find and register beans within the application context.
I‘ll use some examples to show the differences/similarities.
Lets start with a basic setup of three beans of type A, B and C, with B and C being injected into A.
1 package com.xxx;
2 public class B {
3 public B() {
4 System.out.println("creating bean B: " + this);
5 }
6 }
7
8 package com.xxx;
9 public class C {
10 public C() {
11 System.out.println("creating bean C: " + this);
12 }
13 }
14
15 package com.yyy;
16 import com.xxx.B;
17 import com.xxx.C;
18 public class A {
19 private B bbb;
20 private C ccc;
21 public A() {
22 System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
23 }
24 public void setBbb(B bbb) {
25 System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
26 this.bbb = bbb;
27 }
28 public void setCcc(C ccc) {
29 System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
30 this.ccc = ccc;
31 }
32 }
With the following XML configuration :
1 <bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" /> 2 <bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" /> 3 <bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A"> 4 <property name="bbb" ref="bBean" /> 5 <property name="ccc" ref="cBean" /> 6 </bean>
Loading the context produces the following output:
creating bean B: [email protected] creating bean C: [email protected] creating bean A: [email protected] setting A.bbb with [email protected] setting A.ccc with [email protected]
OK, this is the expected output. But this is "old style" Spring. Now we have annotations so lets use those to simplify the XML.
First, lets autowire the bbb and ccc properties on bean A like so:
1 package com.yyy;
2 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
3 import com.xxx.B;
4 import com.xxx.C;
5 public class A {
6 private B bbb;
7 private C ccc;
8 public A() {
9 System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
10 }
11 @Autowired
12 public void setBbb(B bbb) {
13 System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
14 this.bbb = bbb;
15 }
16 @Autowired
17 public void setCcc(C ccc) {
18 System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
19 this.ccc = ccc;
20 }
21 }
This allows me to remove the following rows from the XML:
1 <property name="bbb" ref="bBean" /> 2 <property name="ccc" ref="cBean" />
My XML is now simplified to this:
1 <bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" /> 2 <bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" /> 3 <bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
When I load the context I get the following output:
creating bean B: [email protected] creating bean C: [email protected] creating bean A: [email protected]
OK, this is wrong! What happened? Why aren‘t my properties autowired?
Well, annotations are a nice feature but by themselves they do nothing whatsoever. They just annotate stuff. You need a processing tool to find the annotations and do something with them.
<context:annotation-config> to the rescue. This activates the actions for the annotations that it finds on the beans defined in the same application context where itself is defined.
If I change my XML to this:
1 <context:annotation-config /> 2 <bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" /> 3 <bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" /> 4 <bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
when I load the application context I get the proper result:
creating bean B: [email protected] creating bean C: [email protected] creating bean A: [email protected] setting A.bbb with [email protected] setting A.ccc with [email protected]
OK, this is nice, but I‘ve removed two rows from the XML and added one. That‘s not a very big difference. The idea with annotations is that it‘s supposed to remove the XML.
So let‘s remove the XML definitions and replace them all with annotations:
1 package com.xxx;
2 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
3 @Component
4 public class B {
5 public B() {
6 System.out.println("creating bean B: " + this);
7 }
8 }
9
10 package com.xxx;
11 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
12 @Component
13 public class C {
14 public C() {
15 System.out.println("creating bean C: " + this);
16 }
17 }
18
19 package com.yyy;
20 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
21 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
22 import com.xxx.B;
23 import com.xxx.C;
24 @Component
25 public class A {
26 private B bbb;
27 private C ccc;
28 public A() {
29 System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
30 }
31 @Autowired
32 public void setBbb(B bbb) {
33 System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
34 this.bbb = bbb;
35 }
36 @Autowired
37 public void setCcc(C ccc) {
38 System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
39 this.ccc = ccc;
40 }
41 }
While in the XML we only keep this:
1 <context:annotation-config />
We load the context and the result is... Nothing. No beans are created, no beans are autowired. Nothing!
That‘s because, as I said in the first paragraph, the <context:annotation-config /> only works on beans registered within the application context. Because I removed the XML configuration for the three beans there is no bean created and <context:annotation-config /> has no "targets" to work on.
But that won‘t be a problem for <context:component-scan> which can scan a package for "targets" to work on. Let‘s change the content of the XML config into the following entry:
1 <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
When I load the context I get the following output:
creating bean B: [email protected] creating bean C: [email protected]
Hmmmm... something is missing. Why?
If you look closelly at the classes, class A has package com.yyy but I‘ve specified in the <context:component-scan> to use package com.xxx so this completely missed my A class and only picked up B and C which are on the com.xxx package.
To fix this, I add this other package also:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx,com.yyy" />
and now we get the expected result:
creating bean B: [email protected] creating bean C: [email protected] creating bean A: [email protected] setting A.bbb with [email protected] setting A.ccc with [email protected]
And that‘s it! Now you don‘t have XML definitions anymore, you have annotations.
As a final example, keeping the annotated classes A, B and C and adding the following to the XML, what will we get after loading the context?
1 <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" /> 2 <bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
We still get the correct result:
creating bean B: [email protected] creating bean C: [email protected] creating bean A: [email protected] setting A.bbb with [email protected] setting A.ccc with [email protected]
Even if the bean for class A isn‘t obtained by scanning, the processing tools are still applied by <context:component-scan> on all beans registered in the application context, even for A which was manually registered in the XML.
But what if we have the following XML, will we get duplicated beans because we‘ve specified both <context:annotation-config /> and <context:component-scan>?
1 <context:annotation-config /> 2 <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" /> 3 <bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
No, no duplications, We again get the expected result:
creating bean B: [email protected] creating bean C: [email protected] creating bean A: [email protected] setting A.bbb with [email protected] setting A.ccc with [email protected]
That‘s because both tags register the same processing tools (<context:annotation-config /> can be omitted if <context:component-scan> is specified) but Spring takes care of running them only once.
Even if you register the processing tools yourself multiple times, Spring will still make sure they do their magic only once; this XML:
1 <context:annotation-config /> 2 <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" /> 3 <bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" /> 4 <bean id="bla" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" /> 5 <bean id="bla1" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" /> 6 <bean id="bla2" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" /> 7 <bean id="bla3" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
will still generate the following result:
creating bean B: [email protected] creating bean C: [email protected] creating bean A: [email protected] setting A.bbb with [email protected] setting A.ccc with [email protected]
OK, that about raps it up.
I hope this information along with the responses from @Tomasz Nurkiewicz and @Sean Patrick Floyd are all you need to understand how <context:annotation-config> and <context:component-scan> work.