普通方式:HttpResponse
polls/views.py from django.http import HttpResponsefrom django.template import RequestContext, loaderfrom .models import Questiondef index(request): latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by(‘-pub_date‘)[:5] template = loader.get_template(‘polls/index.html‘) # 载入一个模板 context = RequestContext(request, { # 填充一个context ‘latest_question_list‘: latest_question_list, }) return HttpResponse(template.render(context)) # 返回HttpResponse
常见的习惯是载入一个模板、填充一个context 然后返回一个含有模板渲染结果的HttpResponse对象
快捷返回:render()
polls/views.py from django.shortcuts import renderfrom .models import Questiondef index(request): latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by(‘-pub_date‘)[:5] context = {‘latest_question_list‘: latest_question_list} return render(request, ‘polls/index.html‘, context)
普通:404错误
polls/views.py from django.http import Http404from django.shortcuts import renderfrom .models import Question# ...def detail(request, question_id): try: question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id) except Question.DoesNotExist: raise Http404("Question does not exist") return render(request, ‘polls/detail.html‘, {‘question‘: question})
快捷:get_object_or_404()
polls/views.py from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, renderfrom .models import Question# ...def detail(request, question_id): question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id) return render(request, ‘polls/detail.html‘, {‘question‘: question})
通用视图
实际上就是调用一个类的函数作为视图,我们只需继承这个模板类,修改必要的参数或重写一些函数即可
# polls/urls.py url(r‘^$‘, views.IndexView.as_view(), name=‘index‘) # DetailView期望从URL中捕获名为"pk"的主键值,即模板得到的对象 是给定模型主键值为pk的对象 url(r‘^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$‘, views.DetailView.as_view(), name=‘detail‘),
# polls/views.py class IndexView(generic.ListView): # 指定模板路径 template_name = ‘polls/index.html‘ # 指定对象的名字 context_object_name = ‘latest_question_list‘ # 这个是重写了获得查询集的方法,直接返回了需要的部分,只写个model = Question不满足需求 def get_queryset(self): """Return the last five published questions.""" return Question.objects.order_by(‘-pub_date‘)[:5] class DetailView(generic.DetailView): # 会传给模板一个object_list中主键为pk对象的变量 model = Question template_name = ‘polls/detail.html‘
# polls/index.html
{{ object_list }} # 在模板中通过友好名调用和object_list都可以
{{ latest_question_list }} # 默认变量名是 model名字的小写_list # polls/detail.html {{ object }} # 在模板中通过友好名调用和object都可以 {{ question }} # 默认变量名是model的名字的小写
generic.ListView 传给模板的是个对象列表,如:[<Question: sssssssfeew>, <Question: wogaibiancs>, <Question: timeShow?>, <Question: timeShow?>, <Question: what‘s up?>] generic.DetailView 传给模板的是个对象,如:sssssssfeew
时间: 2024-10-10 00:23:42