25+ Useful Selenium Web driver Code Snippets For GUI Testing Automation

本文总结了使用Selenium Web driver 做页面自动化测试的一些 tips, tricks, snippets.

1. Chrome Driver 如何安装 extensions

两种方式

a) Packed (.crx file) --  crx为Chrome的插件后缀名，FireFox的是xpi

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addExtensions(new File("/path/to/extension.crx"));
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options);
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities);

b) Unpacked (directory)

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("load-extension=/path/to/extension");
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options);
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities);

2. 使用自定义的profile (即 user data directory)

因为WebDriver每次启动一个Firefox的实例时，会生成一个匿名的profile， 如果想用自己的profile (包括extensions, 还有settings), 可以定义user data directory 路径

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("user-data-dir=C:/Users/user_name/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/User Data");

3. 最大化窗口

网上有很多方式但好多试了都不行，下面这个是可行的

        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.addArguments("start-maximized");
        DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
        capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options);

4. 摆脱Google Analytics

由于很多网页嵌入Google Analytics， 这会导致Web Driver 访问的时候超慢， 下载这个no_google_analytics-0.6-an+fx.xpi文件， FireFox的插件， Chrome的网上也有，参考这里。

            FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
            profile.addExtension(new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("no_google_analytics-0.6-an+fx.xpi").getFile()));
            desiredCapabilities.setCapability(FirefoxDriver.PROFILE, profile);

5. 设置代理

a) 不使用代理

        FirefoxProfile firefoxProfile = new FirefoxProfile();
        firefoxProfile.setPreference("network.proxy.type", 0);
        driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxProfile);

b) 手动配置代理 http

        FirefoxProfile firefoxProfile = new FirefoxProfile();
        firefoxProfile.setPreference("network.proxy.type", 1);
        firefoxProfile.setPreference("network.proxy.http", "10.51.1.140");
        firefoxProfile.setPreference("network.proxy.http_port", "8080");
        driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxProfile); 

c) 自动代理配置

        FirefoxProfile firefoxProfile = new FirefoxProfile();
        profile.setPreference("network.proxy.type", 2);
        profile.setPreference("network.proxy.autoconfig_url", "http://proxy.xxx.net:8001"); //Auto confi url
        driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxProfile);

##转载注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html

6. 禁用image, javascript, css, document

        firefoxProfile.setPreference("permissions.default.image", 2);
        firefoxProfile.setPreference("permissions.default.script", 2);
        firefoxProfile.setPreference("permissions.default.stylesheet", 2);
        firefoxProfile.setPreference("permissions.default.subdocument", 2);

7. 上传文件

String filePath = "path\\to\\file\for\\upload";
JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
jsx.executeScript("document.getElementById(‘fileName‘).value=‘" + filePath + "‘;");

8. Frame切换

WebElement frameElement = driver.findElement(By.id("id-of-frame"));
driver.switchTo().frame(frameElement);

9. Get page source

String content = driver.getPageSource();

10. Get 页面元素的 HTML source

JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
String elementId = "element-id";
String html =(String) jsx.executeScript("return document.getElementById(‘" + elementId + "‘).innerHTML;");

##转载注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html

11. Scroll Up, Down

JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
//Vertical scroll - down by 100 pixels
jsx.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,100)", "");
//Vertical scroll - up by 55 pixels (note the number is minus 55)
jsx.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,-55)", "");

也可以左右scroll

12. 多层菜单的处理

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement menuElement = driver.findElement(By.id("menu-element-id"));
actions.moveToElement(menuElement).moveToElement(subMenuElement).click();

有些情况下，move到一级菜单 需要等待一会儿 才能定位到子菜单里的选项，可以thread sleep一会儿

      actions.moveToElement(menuElement);
      Thread.sleep(1);
      actions.moveToElement(subMenuElement);
      Thread.sleep(1);
      actions.moveToElement(subSubMenuElement).click().perform();

13. 提取元素的 CSS 属性

背景色， 文字颜色， 文字字号

String bgcolor = driver.findElement(By.id("id123")).getCssValue("background-color");

String textColor = driver.findElement(By.id("id123")).getCssValue("color");

String textFont = dr.findElement(By.tagName("h3")).getCssValue("font")

14. 非常特殊的一个输入框

鼠标需要一直按在上面才可定位到该元素，不然元素隐藏着，解决办法用Action, moveToElement然后Click 输入键盘动作Ctrl+A （全选）然后输入数据，最后perform()， 全选输入是为了清除原来的数据

action.moveToElement(textSpan).click().sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, "a")).sendKeys(input).perform();

15. 执行JS命令直接Click button

有时候Button元素在页面底部，屏幕只能显示页面上班部分， click不到元素， 这种方式任何时候都可行。

((JavascriptExecutor)webDriver).executeScript("arguments[0].click();", webElement);

##转载注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html

16. 取得页面上所有的link

比如 html 如下

<div class="cities_boxer">
    <div class="left_side">
        <dl>
               <dt>A</dt>
                <dd>
                        <a href="http://anshan.anjuke.com" class="">鞍山</a>
                        <a href="http://anyang.anjuke.com" class="">安阳</a>
                        <a href="http://anqing.anjuke.com" class="">安庆</a>
                </dd>
         </dl>
    </div>
</div>

        String link = null;
        List<WebElement> ls = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
        List<String> links = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (WebElement a : ls) {
            link = a.getAttribute("href");
            links.add(link);
        }
        

17. 查找最后一个子节点

比如浏览器F12 控制台输入

$$(‘.cities_boxer > div.left_side > dl:nth-child(1) > dd > a:nth-last-child(1)‘)

返回 <a href="http://anshun.anjuke.com" class="">安顺</a>

注： $$()Returns an array of all the elements that match the specified CSS selector.

另一种方式

$x("//*[@id=‘content‘]/div[4]/div[1]/dl[1]/dd/a[last()]")

注：Returns an array of elements that match the specified XPath.

测试站点：http://www.anjuke.com/sy-city.html

18. 等待 FluentWait

wait =  new FluentWait<WebDriver>(webDriver).withTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
              .pollingEvery(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS).ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);

In FluentWait you have more options to configure apart from Maximum wait time like polling interval, exceptions to ignore etc.

19. Take A Screenshot

File screenshot =((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

20. WebDriverWait 等待元素的预期状态

明确的等待是指在代码进行下一步操作之前等待某一个条件的发生。最不好的情况是使用Thread.sleep()去设置一段确认的时间去等待。

为什么说最不好呢？因为一个元素的加载时间有长有短，你在设置sleep的时间之前要自己把握长短，太短容易超时，太长浪费时间。

selenium webdriver提供了一些方法帮助我们等待正好需要等待的时间。利用WebDriverWait类和ExpectedCondition接口就能实现这一点。

    public void waitUntilBecomesVisible(WebElement webElement) {
        new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(webElement));
    }

    public void waitTextToBePresentInElement(WebElement element, String text) {
        new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElement(element, text));
    }

    public void waitUntilInvisible(By by) {
        new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOfElementLocated(by));
    }

    public void WaitUntilClickable(WebElement element) {
        new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(element));
    }

##转载注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html

21. 隐性等待

隐性等待是指当要查找元素，而这个元素没有马上出现时，告诉WebDriver查询Dom一定时间。默认值是0, 但是设置之后，这个时间将在WebDriver对象实例整个生命周期都起作用。

 webDriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

22. AjaxElementLocatorFactory

public class PageBase {
  public PageBase(WebDriver driver) {
    AjaxElementLocatorFactory finder = new AjaxElementLocatorFactory(driver, 10);
    PageFactory.initElements(finder, this);
  }
}

注： 常用于Web application 有很多Ajax组件元素

Selenium does comes with AjaxElementLocatorFactory, which creates instances of AjaxElementLocator. Now the idea is, if you send an Ajax request, this ElementLocator waits for 250 milliseconds to look for the element, till it ultimately times out (configurable). The only exposed API from Selenium, that I found, was PageFactory, whose main purpose is to create a DefaultElementLocatorFactory, which does not wait.

23. 弹出对话框

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
alert.accept();
alert.dismiss();
alert.getText();

getText()    得到它的文本值

accept()      相当于点击它的"确认"

dismiss()     相当于点击"取消"或者叉掉对话框

24. 拖拉(Drag andDrop)

WebElement element =driver.findElement(By.name("source"));
WebElement target = driver.findElement(By.name("target"));
(new Actions(driver)).dragAndDrop(element, target).perform();

25. WebDriver设置元素焦点

if("input".equals(element.getTagName()){
   element.sendKeys("");
}
else{
   new Actions(driver).moveToElement(element).perform();
}

或

((JavascriptExecutor)webDriver).executeScript("document.getElementById(‘elementid‘).focus();");

##转载注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html

26. 浏览器 Navigate Back And Forward

//Go back to the last visited page
driver.navigate().back();

//go forward to the next page
driver.navigate().forward();

27. Check If An Element Exists

driver.findElements(By.id("element-id")).size()!=0

28. Check If An Element Is Visible

WebElement element  = driver.findElement(By.id("element-id"));
if(element instanceof RenderedWebElement) {
System.out.println("Element visible");
} else {
System.out.println("Element Not visible");
}

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##转载注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html