SQLServer 数据库镜像(一)单服务器无见证的镜像脚本配置
断断续续弄了几天,搭建了域,服务器加入域后再测试另一种情况。
测试环境:
主服务器:
IP = 192.168.2.10
InstanceName = MSSQLSERVER
LISTENER_PORT = 5022
镜像服务器:
IP = 192.168.2.10
InstanceName = MSSQLSERVERA
LISTENER_PORT = 5023
见证服务器:
IP = 192.168.2.11
InstanceName = MSSQLSERVER
LISTENER_PORT = 5022
【1. 数据库备份还原】
-- 主体:设置数据库“恢复模式”为“完整”模式 USE master; ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET RECOVERY FULL GO -- 主体:备份数据库 USE master; BACKUP DATABASE [DBName] TO DISK = 'C:\Databases\MSSQLSERVER\DBName.BAK' WITH INIT,FORMAT GO -- 镜像:还原数据库(NORECOVERY) USE master; RESTORE DATABASE [DBName] FROM DISK = N'C:\Databases\MSSQLSERVER\DBName.BAK' WITH FILE = 1, MOVE N'DBName' TO N'C:\Databases\MSSQLSERVERA\DBName.mdf', MOVE N'DBName_log' TO N'C:\Databases\MSSQLSERVERA\DBName_log.ldf', NOUNLOAD, NORECOVERY, STATS = 10 GO
【2. 创建数据库主密钥和证书,备份交换证书】
-- 主体: USE master; CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = '[email protected]'; CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserver WITH SUBJECT = 'Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserver', START_DATE = '2015-03-20'; BACKUP CERTIFICATE Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserver TO FILE = 'C:\Databases\CERTIFICATE\Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserver.cer'; -- 镜像: USE master; CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = '[email protected]'; CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserverA WITH SUBJECT = 'Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserverA', START_DATE = '2015-03-20'; BACKUP CERTIFICATE Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserverA TO FILE = 'C:\Databases\CERTIFICATE\Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserverA.cer'; -- 见证: USE master; CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = '[email protected]'; CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_kk_db2_mssqlserver WITH SUBJECT = 'Cert_kk_db2_mssqlserver', START_DATE = '2015-03-20'; BACKUP CERTIFICATE Cert_kk_db2_mssqlserver TO FILE = 'C:\Databases\CERTIFICATE\Cert_kk_db2_mssqlserver.cer'; -- 交换证书(相互拷贝证书): /* 主体证书(拷贝到)————>镜像、见证 镜像证书(拷贝到)————>主体、见证 见证证书(拷贝到)————>主体、镜像 */
【3. 创建数据库登录账户和用户并还原证书】
-- 创建域用户:UserForMirror -- SQLServer 使用 [network service] 启动实例服务 -- 主体(还原 镜像和见证 的证书): USE master GO CREATE LOGIN [KK\UserForMirror] FROM WINDOWS; GO CREATE USER UserForMirror FOR LOGIN [KK\UserForMirror]; GO CREATE CERTIFICATE [Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserverA] AUTHORIZATION [UserForMirror] FROM FILE = 'C:\Databases\CERTIFICATE\Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserverA.cer'; GO GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_For_Mirror TO [KK\UserForMirror]; GO CREATE CERTIFICATE [Cert_kk_db2_mssqlserver] AUTHORIZATION [UserForMirror] FROM FILE = 'C:\Databases\CERTIFICATE\Cert_kk_db2_mssqlserver.cer'; GO GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_For_Mirror TO [KK\UserForMirror]; GO -- 镜像(还原 主体和见证 的证书): USE master GO CREATE LOGIN [KK\UserForMirror] FROM WINDOWS; GO CREATE USER UserForMirror FOR LOGIN [KK\UserForMirror]; GO CREATE CERTIFICATE [Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserver] AUTHORIZATION [UserForMirror] FROM FILE = 'C:\Databases\CERTIFICATE\Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserver.cer'; GO GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_For_Mirror TO [KK\UserForMirror]; GO CREATE CERTIFICATE [Cert_kk_db2_mssqlserver] AUTHORIZATION [UserForMirror] FROM FILE = 'C:\Databases\CERTIFICATE\Cert_kk_db2_mssqlserver.cer'; GO GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_For_Mirror TO [KK\UserForMirror]; GO -- 见证(还原 主体和镜像 的证书): USE master GO CREATE LOGIN [KK\UserForMirror] FROM WINDOWS; GO CREATE USER UserForMirror FOR LOGIN [KK\UserForMirror]; GO CREATE CERTIFICATE [Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserver] AUTHORIZATION [UserForMirror] FROM FILE = 'C:\Databases\CERTIFICATE\Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserver.cer'; GO GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_For_Mirror TO [KK\UserForMirror]; GO CREATE CERTIFICATE [Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserverA] AUTHORIZATION [UserForMirror] FROM FILE = 'C:\Databases\CERTIFICATE\Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserverA.cer'; GO GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_For_Mirror TO [KK\UserForMirror]; GO
【4. 创建数据库镜像端点】
-- 主体:(域账户:KK\UserForMirror,UTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE 证书) USE master; CREATE ENDPOINT [Endpoint_For_Mirror] AUTHORIZATION [KK\UserForMirror] STATE=STARTED AS TCP (LISTENER_PORT = 5022, LISTENER_IP = ALL) FOR DATA_MIRRORING (ROLE = PARTNER, AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserver, ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES) GO -- 镜像(主体镜像同一服务器,端口不一样:LISTENER_PORT = 5023): USE master; CREATE ENDPOINT [Endpoint_For_Mirror] AUTHORIZATION [KK\UserForMirror] STATE=STARTED AS TCP (LISTENER_PORT = 5023, LISTENER_IP = ALL) FOR DATA_MIRRORING (ROLE = PARTNER, AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE Cert_kk_db1_mssqlserverA, ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES) GO -- 见证(ROLE = WITNESS): USE master; CREATE ENDPOINT [Endpoint_For_Mirror] AUTHORIZATION [KK\UserForMirror] STATE=STARTED AS TCP (LISTENER_PORT = 5022, LISTENER_IP = ALL) FOR DATA_MIRRORING (ROLE = WITNESS, AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE Cert_kk_db2_mssqlserver, ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES) GO
【5. 开始镜像】
-- 注意执行顺序:镜像——>主体——>见证 -- 镜像:(PARTNER为主体服务器) USE master; ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET PARTNER = 'TCP://192.168.2.10:5022' GO -- 主体:(PARTNER为镜像服务器) USE master; ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET PARTNER = 'TCP://192.168.2.10:5023' GO -- 主体:(WITNESS为见证服务器) USE master; ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET WITNESS = 'TCP://192.168.2.11:5022'; GO
配置完成!界面查看如图:
【6. 创建数据库镜像监视器作业】
--在主备执行 use msdb; exec sys.sp_dbmmonitoraddmonitoring --exec sys.sp_dbmmonitorhelpmonitoring --exec sys.sp_dbmmonitorresults DBName,0,0 --exec sys.sp_dbmmonitorchangemonitoring --exec sys.sp_dbmmonitordropmonitoring
【7. 测试】
-- 主体:随意更改,等下切换后是否已同步 USE DBName; SELECT * FROM [dbo].[MyTable] UPDATE [dbo].[MyTable] SET NAME = 'master' DELETE TOP(1) FROM [dbo].[MyTable] -- 主体:手动方式进行主备切换 USE [master] GO ALTER DATABASE DBName SET PARTNER FAILOVER; GO
手动停止主体的服务,可以看到,“镜像”变为了“主体”
当原来主体的服务启动后,发现它变为了“镜像”。(此时也可以把它切换回主体)
【7. 相关脚本】
select * from sys.certificates select * from sys.endpoints select * from sys.database_mirroring_endpoints select * from sys.database_mirroring select * from sys.database_mirroring_witnesses USE master; ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET SAFETY FULL; --设置为高安全模式 ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET PARTNER RESUME; --恢复镜像 ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET PARTNER FAILOVER; --切换主备 ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET PARTNER FORCE_SERVICE_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS; --强制恢复镜像 ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET ONLINE; --在线数据库
【8. 问题】
/*以上可能出现的问题: 【问题】开始镜像时出现的问题(注:上面的脚本是正确的,这里为错误案例): ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET PARTNER = 'TCP://192.168.1.10:5023' 提示错误如下: 消息 1418,级别 16,状态 1,第 2 行 服务器网络地址 "TCP://192.168.1.10:5023" 无法访问或不存在。 请检查网络地址名称,并检查本地和远程端点的端口是否正常运行。 【问题】发现IP弄错了,把192.168.1.10改为192.168.2.10再执行: USE master; ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET PARTNER = 'TCP://192.168.2.10:5022' GO 提示错误如下: 已为数据库镜像启用数据库 "DBName"。 【解决】停止镜像,重新连接 ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET PARTNER OFF; GO ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET PARTNER = 'TCP://192.168.2.10:5022' GO 【问题】链接镜像时又错误:(ip 和 端口都能连接到) ALTER DATABASE [DBName] SET WITNESS = 'TCP://192.168.2.11:5022' 提示错误如下: 消息 1456,级别 16,状态 3,第 1 行 无法将 ALTER DATABASE 命令发送到远程服务器实例 'TCP://192.168.2.11:5022'。 数据库镜像配置未更改。请确保该服务器已连接,然后重试。 【解决】AUTHENTICATION当时为Windows授权,改为证书 CREATE ENDPOINT [Endpoint_For_Mirror] …… AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE */
时间: 2024-10-10 07:35:52